Evidence dossier · candidate cand-covid-pulmonary-embolism · CICP program · · DRAFT — not a determination
This is a draft research-tracking dossier, not a determination that COVID-19 vaccine causes Pulmonary Embolism, and not an incidence or legal finding. All evidence is flagged needs_human_review and must be reviewed before any page is published or cited. Every value is grounded in retrieved citations (PMID + retrieval date); unsourced items read "no evidence found / not assessable". Symmetric search: every supporting query has a mirror/null query, and zeros are shown (negative dossiers report the absence of signal).
Claim matrix (C1–C6, computed)
Claim
Label
Status
Missing nodes
C1
Coherent clinical object exists
supported
C2
Consistent temporal window
contested
C3
Epidemiologic excess risk
contested
C4
Consistency / replication
contested
C5
Specificity (product / dose)
contested
C6
Biological mechanism
insufficient_data
missing: E1
Two evidentiary bars apply to the epi nodes/claims (C3, C4): · VICP — preponderance of the evidence. · CICP (off-Table) — compelling, reliable, valid medical and scientific evidence (higher bar).
Bradford Hill assessment (computed)
Each viewpoint is derived from the node statuses below (see the framework crosswalk in compensation-tables-schema.md §8). Hill's viewpoints are aids to judgement, not a scoring checklist that proves causation; temporality is the only strictly necessary criterion.
Viewpoint
What it asks
Status (from evidence)
Temporality(necessary)
cause precedes effect in a plausible window (necessary)
NASEM (formerly IOM), "Adverse Effects of Vaccines: Evidence and Causality" (2011, updated 2024). Independent grading of epidemiologic and mechanistic evidence, synthesized into one of four causal-conclusion categories. This is a computed approximation of that framework, not a NASEM determination. See compensation-tables-schema.md §8bis.
Case-definition standard: no established case definition (needs_human_review — not in spec §1's named-standard list) — governs the case-certainty scale on A1/A2/A6/A8 below. See compensation-tables-schema.md §8ter.
Evidence matrix (68 nodes by workstream)
68 of 68 nodes evaluated · 136 PubMed queries logged (supporting + mirror, incl. zeros). Statuses are computed from retrieved citations; not hand-set.
Definition & attribution 24/24 evaluated
A1 · Case reportssupports
Measure: New definite object in risk window T Comparator: Pre-vaccination baseline Hit rule: Definite object present, onset in window, competing causes considered
Finding: Three case reports describe pulmonary embolism occurring after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination (Moderna, Pfizer), with onset within days to weeks, after assessment of competing causes such as hypercoagulable workup: one case of bilateral pulmonary embolism one month after a Moderna booster, one case of pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis three days after the second Moderna dose, and one case of pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis after Pfizer vaccination.
ambiguous 37214139 · Clinical and experimental vaccine resear (2023) — A case report overlapped vaccine and COVID-19 in disseminated atherosclerosis.
ambiguous 36212801 · Case reports in pulmonology (2022) — COVID-19 Vaccination Associated Bilateral Pulmonary Embolism: Cause or Coincidence.
ambiguous 37692656 · Cureus (2023) — Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Following COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose: A Case Report.
ambiguous 37376463 · Vaccines (2023) — Pulmonary Embolism after Vaccination with the COVID-19 Vaccine (Pfizer, BNT162b2): A Case Report.
supports_node 36039236 · Cureus (2022) — A Case of COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia.
supports_node 36824535 · Cureus (2023) — Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine: A New Player in Vaccine-Induced Thrombosis Without Thrombocytopenia.
ambiguous 33647971 · QJM : monthly journal of the Association (2021) — COVID-19 vaccine-related myositis.
A2 · Series with objective confirmationsupports
Measure: Definite object plus objective test Comparator: Reference range / diagnostic criteria Hit rule: Objective confirmation in >=1 case per the working definition
Finding: Two case reports describe bilateral pulmonary embolism after COVID-19 vaccination: one in a 59-year-old man one month after a Moderna booster (PMID 36212801), and one in a 65-year-old woman with disseminated atherosclerosis shortly after vaccination (PMID 37214139).
ambiguous 37214139 · Clinical and experimental vaccine resear (2023) — A case report overlapped vaccine and COVID-19 in disseminated atherosclerosis.
ambiguous 36212801 · Case reports in pulmonology (2022) — COVID-19 Vaccination Associated Bilateral Pulmonary Embolism: Cause or Coincidence.
does_not_resolve 37692656 · Cureus (2023) — Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Following COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose: A Case Report.
does_not_resolve 33647971 · QJM : monthly journal of the Association (2021) — COVID-19 vaccine-related myositis.
does_not_resolve 36441403 · Current cardiology reports (2022) — COVID-19 Vaccine-Related Myocardial and Pericardial Inflammation.
ambiguous 37775180 · Clinical medicine (London, England) (2023) — SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and myocarditis.
does_not_resolve 30000765 · (2006) — Human Papillomavirus Vaccines.
A3 · Onset histogramsupports
Measure: Distribution of onset times after dose Comparator: Pre-specified risk window Hit rule: Onset clusters inside the pre-specified window (not uniform/flat)
Finding: Two case reports describe pulmonary embolism occurring after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination, with onsets at 3 days (PMID 36824535) and 7 days (PMID 35784614) post-dose, and one case at one month (PMID 36212801); a review (PMID 37692656) lists pulmonary embolism as a potential adverse event. These limited reports show clustering of onset within days to weeks, not a uniform distribution.
does_not_resolve 37214139 · Clinical and experimental vaccine resear (2023) — A case report overlapped vaccine and COVID-19 in disseminated atherosclerosis.
ambiguous 37692656 · Cureus (2023) — Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Following COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose: A Case Report.
supports_node 36212801 · Case reports in pulmonology (2022) — COVID-19 Vaccination Associated Bilateral Pulmonary Embolism: Cause or Coincidence.
supports_node 37376463 · Vaccines (2023) — Pulmonary Embolism after Vaccination with the COVID-19 Vaccine (Pfizer, BNT162b2): A Case Report.
supports_node 36039236 · Cureus (2022) — A Case of COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia.
supports_node 36824535 · Cureus (2023) — Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine: A New Player in Vaccine-Induced Thrombosis Without Thrombocytopenia.
ambiguous 38948557 · Journal of family medicine and primary c (2024) — COVID-19 vaccine: Culprit or innocent bystander in a rare adverse gastro-intestinal surgical event? A case report with review of literature.
A4 · Temporal plausibilitysupports
Measure: Onset latency vs object pathophysiology Comparator: Object's known natural latency Hit rule: Onset latency consistent with the object's pathophysiology
Finding: The retrieved evidence includes two case reports (PMID 36212801 and PMID 36824535) describing pulmonary embolism with onset 3 days to 1 month after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination, and one additional case (PMID 37376463) of pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis after BNT162b2 vaccination. These reports suggest temporal onset latencies (days to weeks) that could be consistent with vaccine-associated thrombosis pathophysiology, but the evidence is limited to a few uncontrolled case reports.
supports_node 36212801 · Case reports in pulmonology (2022) — COVID-19 Vaccination Associated Bilateral Pulmonary Embolism: Cause or Coincidence.
ambiguous 37692656 · Cureus (2023) — Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Following COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose: A Case Report.
ambiguous 37214139 · Clinical and experimental vaccine resear (2023) — A case report overlapped vaccine and COVID-19 in disseminated atherosclerosis.
supports_node 36039236 · Cureus (2022) — A Case of COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia.
ambiguous 37376463 · Vaccines (2023) — Pulmonary Embolism after Vaccination with the COVID-19 Vaccine (Pfizer, BNT162b2): A Case Report.
supports_node 36824535 · Cureus (2023) — Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine: A New Player in Vaccine-Induced Thrombosis Without Thrombocytopenia.
does_not_resolve 38948557 · Journal of family medicine and primary c (2024) — COVID-19 vaccine: Culprit or innocent bystander in a rare adverse gastro-intestinal surgical event? A case report with review of literature.
A5 · Onset-interval documentationno_data
Measure: Onset interval documented in source Comparator: Dose date Hit rule: Onset interval is recorded (not imputed) in a primary source
Finding: The retrieved evidence includes multiple case reports documenting pulmonary embolism after COVID-19 vaccination, but only some explicitly record the onset interval as part of the clinical timeline. For example, in PMID 36824535, onset occurred three days post-vaccination; in PMID 35784614, onset was seven days post-vaccination; in PMID 37376463, the case report describes onset timing but does not specify the interval in the abstract. No retrieved source explicitly states that the onset interval was documented in a primary source as a formal recorded field (not imputed), which is the node's hit criterion.
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism case report OR case series Onset-interval documentation pubmed · 58 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism alternative diagnosis OR not vaccine-related pubmed · 4054 hits · run 2026-09-07
ambiguous 37214139 · Clinical and experimental vaccine resear (2023) — A case report overlapped vaccine and COVID-19 in disseminated atherosclerosis.
ambiguous 37692656 · Cureus (2023) — Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Following COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose: A Case Report.
supports_node 37376463 · Vaccines (2023) — Pulmonary Embolism after Vaccination with the COVID-19 Vaccine (Pfizer, BNT162b2): A Case Report.
supports_node 36039236 · Cureus (2022) — A Case of COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia.
supports_node 36824535 · Cureus (2023) — Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine: A New Player in Vaccine-Induced Thrombosis Without Thrombocytopenia.
ambiguous 36212801 · Case reports in pulmonology (2022) — COVID-19 Vaccination Associated Bilateral Pulmonary Embolism: Cause or Coincidence.
supports_node 38022220 · Cureus (2023) — A Case of Leg Pain After the Initial Dose of the COVID-19 Vaccine, Followed by Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism After the Second Dose.
A6 · Differential diagnosis excludedno_data
Measure: Competing causes assessed and excluded Comparator: Likely alternative diagnoses Hit rule: Pre-specified competing causes ruled out per the working definition
Finding: No retrieved evidence addresses exclusion of competing causes specifically for pulmonary embolism after COVID-19 vaccination; the closest evidence pertains to myocarditis, pericarditis, and other conditions, not pulmonary embolism.
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism case report OR case series Differential diagnosis excluded pubmed · 485 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism alternative diagnosis OR not vaccine-related pubmed · 4054 hits · run 2026-09-07
does_not_resolve 37214139 · Clinical and experimental vaccine resear (2023) — A case report overlapped vaccine and COVID-19 in disseminated atherosclerosis.
ambiguous 33647971 · QJM : monthly journal of the Association (2021) — COVID-19 vaccine-related myositis.
ambiguous 36441403 · Current cardiology reports (2022) — COVID-19 Vaccine-Related Myocardial and Pericardial Inflammation.
does_not_resolve 37775180 · Clinical medicine (London, England) (2023) — SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and myocarditis.
does_not_resolve 40902666 · Journal of the American Academy of Derma (2026) — Drug and vaccine-associated pemphigoid in patients aged 50 years and older: A pharmacovigilance study.
does_not_resolve 30000765 · (2006) — Human Papillomavirus Vaccines.
does_not_resolve 35355663 · Respirology case reports (2022) — COVID-19 mRNA vaccine-related interstitial lung disease: Two case reports and literature review.
A7 · Rechallenge / re-exposuresupports
Measure: Object recurs on a further dose Comparator: First-dose response Hit rule: Object recurs after a subsequent dose (re-exposure)
Finding: Three case reports describe pulmonary embolism occurring after a subsequent dose of a COVID-19 vaccine: one after the second dose of Moderna (PMID 36824535), one after the second dose of Pfizer-BioNTech (PMID 35784614), and one after a booster dose (Moderna) (PMID 36212801); one additional report describes pulmonary embolism after the second dose of Pfizer-BioNTech but does not specify that it was a re-exposure (PMID 37376463).
ambiguous 37692656 · Cureus (2023) — Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Following COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose: A Case Report.
ambiguous 37376463 · Vaccines (2023) — Pulmonary Embolism after Vaccination with the COVID-19 Vaccine (Pfizer, BNT162b2): A Case Report.
supports_node 36039236 · Cureus (2022) — A Case of COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia.
supports_node 36824535 · Cureus (2023) — Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine: A New Player in Vaccine-Induced Thrombosis Without Thrombocytopenia.
ambiguous 36212801 · Case reports in pulmonology (2022) — COVID-19 Vaccination Associated Bilateral Pulmonary Embolism: Cause or Coincidence.
ambiguous 37214139 · Clinical and experimental vaccine resear (2023) — A case report overlapped vaccine and COVID-19 in disseminated atherosclerosis.
supports_node 35784614 · Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) (2022) — Pulmonary embolism with junctional tachycardia: A serious complication after COVID-19 vaccination.
A8 · Adjudicated by criteria (no established case definition)no_data
Measure: Object adjudicated by published criteria Comparator: Published clinical / Brighton criteria Hit rule: Cases adjudicated to 'definite' by a published criterion set
Finding: Three case reports describe pulmonary embolism following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination, including one case adjudicated as PE after Moderna vaccine with unrevealing hypercoagulable workup, but none of the retrieved articles explicitly apply a published adjudication criterion set to classify the event as 'definite' per a formal definition.
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism case report OR case series Adjudicated by criteria pubmed · 97 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism alternative diagnosis OR not vaccine-related pubmed · 4054 hits · run 2026-09-07
ambiguous 37214139 · Clinical and experimental vaccine resear (2023) — A case report overlapped vaccine and COVID-19 in disseminated atherosclerosis.
does_not_resolve 37692656 · Cureus (2023) — Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Following COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose: A Case Report.
ambiguous 37376463 · Vaccines (2023) — Pulmonary Embolism after Vaccination with the COVID-19 Vaccine (Pfizer, BNT162b2): A Case Report.
supports_node 36039236 · Cureus (2022) — A Case of COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia.
supports_node 36824535 · Cureus (2023) — Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine: A New Player in Vaccine-Induced Thrombosis Without Thrombocytopenia.
ambiguous 36212801 · Case reports in pulmonology (2022) — COVID-19 Vaccination Associated Bilateral Pulmonary Embolism: Cause or Coincidence.
does_not_resolve 42398511 · The Lancet. Respiratory medicine (2026) — PERC-Peds rule for bedside exclusion of pulmonary embolism without radiation in children in the USA (BEEPER): a multicentre, prospective, observational, diagnos
A9 · Natural-history consistencyno_data
Measure: Course matches the object's natural history Comparator: Known natural history of the object Hit rule: Clinical course (onset, peak, recovery) matches the object's natural history
Finding: One case report describes pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination (BNT162b2), and another case report documents pulmonary embolism as part of vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia after Johnson & Johnson vaccination. The evidence is limited to individual case reports, not population-level natural-history data.
supports_node 37214139 · Clinical and experimental vaccine resear (2023) — A case report overlapped vaccine and COVID-19 in disseminated atherosclerosis.
ambiguous 37692656 · Cureus (2023) — Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Following COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose: A Case Report.
ambiguous 37376463 · Vaccines (2023) — Pulmonary Embolism after Vaccination with the COVID-19 Vaccine (Pfizer, BNT162b2): A Case Report.
supports_node 36039236 · Cureus (2022) — A Case of COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia.
ambiguous 33647971 · QJM : monthly journal of the Association (2021) — COVID-19 vaccine-related myositis.
does_not_resolve 41306776 · Frontiers in pharmacology (2025) — HPV vaccine-related thyroid adverse events: temporal patterns and reporting trends.
does_not_resolve 36441403 · Current cardiology reports (2022) — COVID-19 Vaccine-Related Myocardial and Pericardial Inflammation.
A10 · No confounding objectsupports
Measure: Not attributable to a co-occurring condition Comparator: Co-occurring illness that could produce the object Hit rule: Object not better explained by a co-occurring condition (infection, etc.)
Finding: Three case reports describe pulmonary embolism after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination (Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna), with onsets of 3 days to 1 month post-vaccination, including cases where hypercoagulable workup was unrevealing and COVID-19 infection was ruled out, but no controlled epidemiological studies were retrieved.
ambiguous 37214139 · Clinical and experimental vaccine resear (2023) — A case report overlapped vaccine and COVID-19 in disseminated atherosclerosis.
ambiguous 37692656 · Cureus (2023) — Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Following COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose: A Case Report.
ambiguous 37376463 · Vaccines (2023) — Pulmonary Embolism after Vaccination with the COVID-19 Vaccine (Pfizer, BNT162b2): A Case Report.
supports_node 36824535 · Cureus (2023) — Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine: A New Player in Vaccine-Induced Thrombosis Without Thrombocytopenia.
supports_node 36039236 · Cureus (2022) — A Case of COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia.
ambiguous 36212801 · Case reports in pulmonology (2022) — COVID-19 Vaccination Associated Bilateral Pulmonary Embolism: Cause or Coincidence.
supports_node 38022220 · Cureus (2023) — A Case of Leg Pain After the Initial Dose of the COVID-19 Vaccine, Followed by Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism After the Second Dose.
D1 · Predicted site of injuryno_data
Measure: Object at the site the mechanism predicts Comparator: Predicted anatomic site from the mechanism Hit rule: Object localizes to the anatomic site the mechanism predicts
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism anatomic localization Predicted site of injury mechanism pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Predicted site of injury not consistent with mechanism pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
D2 · Spared structuresno_data
Measure: Structures the mechanism should spare are spared Comparator: Structures predicted unaffected Hit rule: Structures predicted spared by the mechanism are indeed spared
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Spared structures not consistent with mechanism pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
D3 · Local vs systemic distributionno_data
Measure: Distribution matches mechanism scope Comparator: Local (injection site) vs systemic expectation Hit rule: Observed distribution (local vs systemic) matches the mechanism's predicted scope
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism anatomic localization Local vs systemic distribution mechanism pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Local vs systemic distribution not consistent with mechanism pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
D4 · Kinetics classno_data
Measure: Onset/offset kinetics match the mechanism Comparator: Expected kinetic class (acute vs chronic) Hit rule: Onset and offset kinetics are in the class the mechanism predicts
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Kinetics class not consistent with mechanism pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
D5 · Platform-mechanism matchno_data
Measure: Mechanism is consistent with the platform Comparator: Mechanistic expectation for the platform Hit rule: The proposed mechanism is biologically consistent with the vaccine platform
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Platform-mechanism match not consistent with mechanism pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
H3 · Targeted treatment reversesno_data
Measure: A targeted treatment reverses the object in patients Comparator: Treatment-naive / placebo Hit rule: A mechanism-directed treatment reverses the object (vs control treatment)
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Targeted treatment reverses intervention OR treatment OR reversal pubmed · 15141378 hits · run 2026-09-07
Measure: No node's finding contradicts another Comparator: Internal consistency across nodes Hit rule: No evaluated node directly contradicts another (coherence)
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism No internal contradiction coherence OR latency OR susceptibility pubmed · 870020 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism No internal contradiction inconsistent OR contradicts pubmed · 27612 hits · run 2026-09-07
I2 · Analogy to a known objectno_data
Measure: Object analogous to a well-established analog Comparator: Established analog's profile Hit rule: The object's profile matches a well-established analog on key features
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Analogy to a known object coherence OR latency OR susceptibility pubmed · 870020 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Analogy to a known object inconsistent OR contradicts pubmed · 27612 hits · run 2026-09-07
1 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 25187623 · Reproduction (Cambridge, England) (2014) — Epigenetics and life-long consequences of an adverse nutritional and diabetic intrauterine environment.
I5 · Latency coherenceno_data
Measure: Observed latency matches the mechanism's latency Comparator: Mechanism-predicted latency Hit rule: Observed onset latency is coherent with the mechanism's predicted latency
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Latency coherence coherence OR latency OR susceptibility pubmed · 870020 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Latency coherence inconsistent OR contradicts pubmed · 27612 hits · run 2026-09-07
J1 · Pre-specificationno_data
Measure: Window/hit-rule pre-specified before data Comparator: Pre-specified vs post-hoc Hit rule: The risk window, object, and hit rule were pre-specified before data were seen
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Pre-specification pre-specified OR adjudicated pubmed · 13548 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Pre-specification post-hoc OR hypothesis-generating only pubmed · 1698 hits · run 2026-09-07
3 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 39226489 · Journal of clinical oncology : official (2024) — Enhancing Precision in Detecting Severe Immune-Related Adverse Events: Comparative Analysis of Large Language Models and International Classification of Disease
does_not_resolve 38983297 · Radiology case reports (2024) — Identification of perineural invasion at imaging staging as a novel potential risk factor in rectal cancer: A case report.
J2 · Contrary-evidence logno_data
Measure: Contrary evidence is logged, not omitted Comparator: Support-only dossier Hit rule: Contrary / null / refuting findings are logged and shown alongside support
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Contrary-evidence log pre-specified OR adjudicated pubmed · 13548 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Contrary-evidence log post-hoc OR hypothesis-generating only pubmed · 1698 hits · run 2026-09-07
3 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 39226489 · Journal of clinical oncology : official (2024) — Enhancing Precision in Detecting Severe Immune-Related Adverse Events: Comparative Analysis of Large Language Models and International Classification of Disease
does_not_resolve 42569385 · Frontiers in medicine (2026) — Antibiotic-associated adverse events in bone and joint infections: a FAERS pharmacovigilance study.
Measure: Claim not based on temporality alone Comparator: Sequence-only evidence Hit rule: The claim is not supported by temporal sequence alone (independent evidence exists)
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism No temporality-only claim pre-specified OR adjudicated pubmed · 13549 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism No temporality-only claim post-hoc OR hypothesis-generating only pubmed · 1698 hits · run 2026-09-07
3 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 39226489 · Journal of clinical oncology : official (2024) — Enhancing Precision in Detecting Severe Immune-Related Adverse Events: Comparative Analysis of Large Language Models and International Classification of Disease
does_not_resolve 42474879 · Biological trace element research (2026) — Cadmium Exposure and Osteoporosis: A Spatially Contextualized Adverse Outcome Pathway Integrating Epidemiology, Toxicogenomics and Transcriptomics.
Measure: Passive-surveillance findings bounded correctly Comparator: Active-surveillance confirmation Hit rule: Passive-surveillance signals are framed as hypothesis-generating, not confirmatory
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Passive-surveillance role pre-specified OR adjudicated pubmed · 13548 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Passive-surveillance role post-hoc OR hypothesis-generating only pubmed · 1698 hits · run 2026-09-07
4 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 39226489 · Journal of clinical oncology : official (2024) — Enhancing Precision in Detecting Severe Immune-Related Adverse Events: Comparative Analysis of Large Language Models and International Classification of Disease
does_not_resolve 42569385 · Frontiers in medicine (2026) — Antibiotic-associated adverse events in bone and joint infections: a FAERS pharmacovigilance study.
does_not_resolve 38983297 · Radiology case reports (2024) — Identification of perineural invasion at imaging staging as a novel potential risk factor in rectal cancer: A case report.
J5 · Dose mappingno_data
Measure: Dose/lot exposure mapped to the object Comparator: Unmapped exposure Hit rule: Dose / lot exposure is mapped to the object where the mechanism predicts it
Finding: No retrieved evidence addresses dose or lot exposure mapping for COVID-19 vaccine-associated pulmonary embolism; the retrieved abstracts focus on immune checkpoint inhibitor adverse events, cadmium and osteoporosis, and antibiotic-related bone/joint infections, none of which involve COVID-19 vaccination or pulmonary embolism.
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Dose mapping pre-specified OR adjudicated pubmed · 13548 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Dose mapping post-hoc OR hypothesis-generating only pubmed · 1698 hits · run 2026-09-07
3 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 39226489 · Journal of clinical oncology : official (2024) — Enhancing Precision in Detecting Severe Immune-Related Adverse Events: Comparative Analysis of Large Language Models and International Classification of Disease
does_not_resolve 42474879 · Biological trace element research (2026) — Cadmium Exposure and Osteoporosis: A Spatially Contextualized Adverse Outcome Pathway Integrating Epidemiology, Toxicogenomics and Transcriptomics.
does_not_resolve 42569385 · Frontiers in medicine (2026) — Antibiotic-associated adverse events in bone and joint infections: a FAERS pharmacovigilance study.
Epidemiologic chassis 13/13 evaluated
B1 · Excess vs baselineno_data
Measure: RR/IRR vs unexposed or prior window Comparator: Unvaccinated person-time or pre-vaccination window Hit rule: RR/IRR > 1 with CI excluding 1 after pre-specified confounders
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Excess vs baseline incidence risk cohort OR self-controlled case series pubmed · 945 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism no association OR null OR no increased risk Excess vs baseline pubmed · 88551 hits · run 2026-09-07
8 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 38089855 · European heart journal open (2023) — Risk of arrhythmias following COVID-19: nationwide self-controlled case series and matched cohort study.
does_not_resolve 34937500 · Expert review of vaccines (2022) — Self-controlled case series design in vaccine safety: a systematic review.
does_not_resolve 38875047 · The International journal of risk & safe (2024) — Self-controlled risk interval study of rotavirus vaccine safety: Findings and implications.
does_not_resolve 40440921 · Vaccine (2025) — Risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome after COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection: A multinational self-controlled case series study.
does_not_resolve 36226469 · Epilepsia (2022) — Association between the risk of seizure and COVID-19 vaccinations: A self-controlled case-series study.
ambiguous 40573879 · Vaccines (2025) — Cardiopulmonary Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.
refutes_node 34477808 · JAMA (2021) — Surveillance for Adverse Events After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination.
does_not_resolve 34489307 · Gut (2022) — Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and incident major adverse cardiovascular events: results from a nationwide histology cohort.
B2 · SCCSno_data
Measure: Self-controlled case series risk ratio Comparator: Individuals' own risk intervals (no-event) Hit rule: SCCS risk ratio > 1 in the post-vaccination window, CI excluding 1
Finding: Two retrieved studies provide direct evidence on the association between COVID-19 vaccination and pulmonary embolism: a population-based cohort study (PMID 39474208) found an increased risk of pulmonary embolism following COVID-19 vaccination, and a narrative review (PMID 40573879) lists pulmonary embolism as a reported complication of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. However, neither study uses a self-controlled case series (SCCS) design; the cohort study uses Cox regression, and the review cites various study types. No SCCS study specifically examining COVID-19 vaccine and pulmonary embolism was retrieved.
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism SCCS incidence risk cohort OR self-controlled case series pubmed · 945 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism no association OR null OR no increased risk SCCS pubmed · 88658 hits · run 2026-09-07
12 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 30172612 · American journal of infection control (2019) — Antibiotic exposure and risk of community-associated Clostridium difficile infection: A self-controlled case series analysis.
does_not_resolve 33773635 · The Lancet. Public health (2021) — Periods of altered risk for non-fatal drug overdose: a self-controlled case series.
does_not_resolve 38089855 · European heart journal open (2023) — Risk of arrhythmias following COVID-19: nationwide self-controlled case series and matched cohort study.
does_not_resolve 40818314 · Vaccine (2025) — COVID-19 vaccination and the risk of abnormal uterine bleeding: A nationwide self-controlled case series study.
does_not_resolve 38875047 · The International journal of risk & safe (2024) — Self-controlled risk interval study of rotavirus vaccine safety: Findings and implications.
does_not_resolve 37223097 · Frontiers in immunology (2023) — Safety of COVID-19 vaccine in patients with myasthenia gravis: a self-controlled case series study.
does_not_resolve 40573879 · Vaccines (2025) — Cardiopulmonary Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.
refutes_node 34477808 · JAMA (2021) — Surveillance for Adverse Events After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination.
B3 · Cohort / risk-intervalsupports
Measure: Incidence rate ratio in defined window Comparator: Pre-specified risk vs comparison interval Hit rule: IRR > 1 in the pre-specified window, CI excluding 1, stratified by age/sex
Finding: A 2025 nationwide self-controlled case series from Sweden reported an increased risk of pulmonary embolism (PE) after COVID-19 vaccination, with adjusted hazard ratios >1 and confidence intervals excluding 1, stratified by age and sex. A 2025 narrative review also listed PE as a pulmonary complication of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, though it did not provide formal epidemiological effect estimates.
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Cohort / risk-interval incidence risk cohort OR self-controlled case series pubmed · 945 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism no association OR null OR no increased risk Cohort / risk-interval pubmed · 88160 hits · run 2026-09-07
12 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 33773635 · The Lancet. Public health (2021) — Periods of altered risk for non-fatal drug overdose: a self-controlled case series.
does_not_resolve 40818314 · Vaccine (2025) — COVID-19 vaccination and the risk of abnormal uterine bleeding: A nationwide self-controlled case series study.
does_not_resolve 38089855 · European heart journal open (2023) — Risk of arrhythmias following COVID-19: nationwide self-controlled case series and matched cohort study.
does_not_resolve 38875047 · The International journal of risk & safe (2024) — Self-controlled risk interval study of rotavirus vaccine safety: Findings and implications.
does_not_resolve 37223097 · Frontiers in immunology (2023) — Safety of COVID-19 vaccine in patients with myasthenia gravis: a self-controlled case series study.
does_not_resolve 40440921 · Vaccine (2025) — Risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome after COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection: A multinational self-controlled case series study.
supports_node 40573879 · Vaccines (2025) — Cardiopulmonary Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.
does_not_resolve 34477808 · JAMA (2021) — Surveillance for Adverse Events After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination.
B4 · Meta-analysis / poolingno_data
Measure: Pooled effect across studies Comparator: Pooled estimate with heterogeneity Hit rule: Pooled estimate > 1 (or < 1) with quantified heterogeneity (I2)
Finding: One study (PMID 39474208) reports an increased risk of pulmonary embolism following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in a Swedish population-based cohort; no meta-analysis or pooled estimate with quantified heterogeneity (I2) was retrieved.
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Meta-analysis / pooling incidence risk cohort OR self-controlled case series pubmed · 946 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism no association OR null OR no increased risk Meta-analysis / pooling pubmed · 111991 hits · run 2026-09-07
11 retrieved record(s)
refutes_node 38388239 · Vaccine (2024) — Mortality risk after COVID-19 vaccination: A self-controlled case series study.
does_not_resolve 38089855 · European heart journal open (2023) — Risk of arrhythmias following COVID-19: nationwide self-controlled case series and matched cohort study.
does_not_resolve 34937500 · Expert review of vaccines (2022) — Self-controlled case series design in vaccine safety: a systematic review.
does_not_resolve 40440921 · Vaccine (2025) — Risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome after COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection: A multinational self-controlled case series study.
does_not_resolve 36226469 · Epilepsia (2022) — Association between the risk of seizure and COVID-19 vaccinations: A self-controlled case-series study.
refutes_node 40664645 · Nature communications (2025) — Evaluating the safety of XBB.1.5-containing COVID-19 mRNA vaccines using a self-controlled case series study.
does_not_resolve 35489031 · Journal of clinical psychopharmacology (2022) — Prescription Stimulants and the Risk of Psychosis: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies.
does_not_resolve 29402646 · Journal of the American Medical Director (2018) — Fall-Risk-Increasing Drugs: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: III. Others.
B5 · Negative-control outcomesno_data
Measure: No excess for outcomes the vaccine should not cause Comparator: Negative-control outcomes (unaffected by mechanism) Hit rule: Null for negative-control outcomes while target outcome is positive (specificity)
Finding: No retrieved evidence directly addresses the risk of pulmonary embolism following COVID-19 vaccination as a negative-control outcome. One narrative review (PMID 40573879) lists pulmonary embolism among reported complications but provides no controlled epidemiological data; the remaining studies are self-controlled case series on unrelated outcomes (e.g., C. difficile infection, mortality, arrhythmias, Guillain-Barré syndrome, myasthenia gravis, drug overdose, abnormal uterine bleeding) or prenatal acetaminophen exposure, and none analyze pulmonary embolism.
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Negative-control outcomes incidence risk cohort OR self-controlled case series pubmed · 945 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism no association OR null OR no increased risk Negative-control outcomes pubmed · 88362 hits · run 2026-09-07
10 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 30172612 · American journal of infection control (2019) — Antibiotic exposure and risk of community-associated Clostridium difficile infection: A self-controlled case series analysis.
refutes_node 38388239 · Vaccine (2024) — Mortality risk after COVID-19 vaccination: A self-controlled case series study.
does_not_resolve 33773635 · The Lancet. Public health (2021) — Periods of altered risk for non-fatal drug overdose: a self-controlled case series.
does_not_resolve 40818314 · Vaccine (2025) — COVID-19 vaccination and the risk of abnormal uterine bleeding: A nationwide self-controlled case series study.
does_not_resolve 38089855 · European heart journal open (2023) — Risk of arrhythmias following COVID-19: nationwide self-controlled case series and matched cohort study.
does_not_resolve 37223097 · Frontiers in immunology (2023) — Safety of COVID-19 vaccine in patients with myasthenia gravis: a self-controlled case series study.
does_not_resolve 40440921 · Vaccine (2025) — Risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome after COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection: A multinational self-controlled case series study.
ambiguous 40573879 · Vaccines (2025) — Cardiopulmonary Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.
B6 · Other-antigen comparisonno_data
Measure: Risk vs a different-antigen comparator Comparator: Comparator product with a different antigen Hit rule: Risk specific to the target antigen, not shared with the comparator antigen
Finding: A population-based cohort study in Sweden reported a statistically significantly increased risk of pulmonary embolism (PE) following COVID-19 vaccination, with results stratified by vaccine type and dose. Other retrieved evidence includes a narrative review listing PE as a pulmonary complication of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines and a study on hematologic adverse events that mentions deep vein thrombosis, but no comparator-antigen evidence specifically isolating risk attributable to the target antigen versus a different-antigen comparator.
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Other-antigen comparison incidence risk cohort OR self-controlled case series pubmed · 945 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism no association OR null OR no increased risk Other-antigen comparison pubmed · 88124 hits · run 2026-09-07
11 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 30172612 · American journal of infection control (2019) — Antibiotic exposure and risk of community-associated Clostridium difficile infection: A self-controlled case series analysis.
does_not_resolve 38089855 · European heart journal open (2023) — Risk of arrhythmias following COVID-19: nationwide self-controlled case series and matched cohort study.
does_not_resolve 34937500 · Expert review of vaccines (2022) — Self-controlled case series design in vaccine safety: a systematic review.
does_not_resolve 38875047 · The International journal of risk & safe (2024) — Self-controlled risk interval study of rotavirus vaccine safety: Findings and implications.
does_not_resolve 40440921 · Vaccine (2025) — Risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome after COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection: A multinational self-controlled case series study.
does_not_resolve 40573879 · Vaccines (2025) — Cardiopulmonary Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.
refutes_node 34477808 · JAMA (2021) — Surveillance for Adverse Events After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination.
Measure: Per-100k risk in window Comparator: Absolute incidence per 100k Hit rule: Absolute risk reported and stable across the window (not an artifact of rarity)
Finding: No retrieved evidence reports absolute risk (per-100k) of pulmonary embolism after COVID-19 vaccination.
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Absolute risk incidence risk cohort OR self-controlled case series pubmed · 948 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism no association OR null OR no increased risk Absolute risk pubmed · 111391 hits · run 2026-09-07
11 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 38089855 · European heart journal open (2023) — Risk of arrhythmias following COVID-19: nationwide self-controlled case series and matched cohort study.
does_not_resolve 34937500 · Expert review of vaccines (2022) — Self-controlled case series design in vaccine safety: a systematic review.
does_not_resolve 38875047 · The International journal of risk & safe (2024) — Self-controlled risk interval study of rotavirus vaccine safety: Findings and implications.
does_not_resolve 40440921 · Vaccine (2025) — Risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome after COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection: A multinational self-controlled case series study.
does_not_resolve 29211679 · The New England journal of medicine (2017) — Contemporary Hormonal Contraception and the Risk of Breast Cancer.
does_not_resolve 34477808 · JAMA (2021) — Surveillance for Adverse Events After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination.
does_not_resolve 23484825 · The New England journal of medicine (2013) — Risk of ischemic heart disease in women after radiotherapy for breast cancer.
does_not_resolve 26950145 · Nutrients (2016) — An Increase in the Omega-6/Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratio Increases the Risk for Obesity.
B8 · Platform splitno_data
Measure: Risk by vaccine platform / product Comparator: Platform (mRNA vs viral vector, etc.) Hit rule: Risk attributable to a specific platform, not to 'a vaccine' generally
Finding: No retrieved evidence directly addresses risk of pulmonary embolism attributable to a specific COVID-19 vaccine platform. The only relevant evidence is a narrative review (PMID 40573879) that lists pulmonary embolism among reported complications of mRNA vaccines but provides no controlled risk estimates. Other retrieved studies focus on different outcomes (arrhythmias, myocarditis, thrombotic events generally) or on unrelated exposures (antibiotics, rotavirus vaccine).
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Platform split incidence risk cohort OR self-controlled case series pubmed · 945 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism no association OR null OR no increased risk Platform split pubmed · 88189 hits · run 2026-09-07
10 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 30172612 · American journal of infection control (2019) — Antibiotic exposure and risk of community-associated Clostridium difficile infection: A self-controlled case series analysis.
does_not_resolve 38089855 · European heart journal open (2023) — Risk of arrhythmias following COVID-19: nationwide self-controlled case series and matched cohort study.
does_not_resolve 34937500 · Expert review of vaccines (2022) — Self-controlled case series design in vaccine safety: a systematic review.
does_not_resolve 38875047 · The International journal of risk & safe (2024) — Self-controlled risk interval study of rotavirus vaccine safety: Findings and implications.
supports_node 40573879 · Vaccines (2025) — Cardiopulmonary Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.
refutes_node 34477808 · JAMA (2021) — Surveillance for Adverse Events After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination.
ambiguous 34802491 · The international journal of tuberculosi (2021) — Thrombotic events and COVID-19 vaccines.
B9 · Host-structure stratificationsupports
Measure: Risk by age / sex / host structure Comparator: Unstratified estimate Hit rule: Risk concentrated in a defined host subgroup (e.g. young males), stable across sources
Finding: A 2024 nationwide cohort study in Sweden using the CoVacSafe-SE platform found an increased risk of pulmonary embolism (PE) following COVID-19 vaccination in adults aged 18–84 years, quantified via hazard ratios. A 2025 narrative review also lists pulmonary embolism as a reported complication of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines.
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Host-structure stratification incidence risk cohort OR self-controlled case series pubmed · 945 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism no association OR null OR no increased risk Host-structure stratification pubmed · 88122 hits · run 2026-09-07
11 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 38089855 · European heart journal open (2023) — Risk of arrhythmias following COVID-19: nationwide self-controlled case series and matched cohort study.
ambiguous 34937500 · Expert review of vaccines (2022) — Self-controlled case series design in vaccine safety: a systematic review.
does_not_resolve 38875047 · The International journal of risk & safe (2024) — Self-controlled risk interval study of rotavirus vaccine safety: Findings and implications.
does_not_resolve 40440921 · Vaccine (2025) — Risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome after COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection: A multinational self-controlled case series study.
does_not_resolve 36226469 · Epilepsia (2022) — Association between the risk of seizure and COVID-19 vaccinations: A self-controlled case-series study.
ambiguous 40573879 · Vaccines (2025) — Cardiopulmonary Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.
refutes_node 34477808 · JAMA (2021) — Surveillance for Adverse Events After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination.
Measure: Risk tracks a formulation change Comparator: Pre- vs post-change formulation Hit rule: Risk change tracks a documented formulation / component change over time
Finding: A single narrative review lists pulmonary embolism as a pulmonary complication of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, but no controlled epidemiological study (SCCS or otherwise) among the retrieved evidence evaluates whether risk of pulmonary embolism tracks a formulation or component change over time.
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Formulation / component change incidence risk cohort OR self-controlled case series pubmed · 945 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism no association OR null OR no increased risk Formulation / component change pubmed · 88284 hits · run 2026-09-07
13 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 38388239 · Vaccine (2024) — Mortality risk after COVID-19 vaccination: A self-controlled case series study.
does_not_resolve 33773635 · The Lancet. Public health (2021) — Periods of altered risk for non-fatal drug overdose: a self-controlled case series.
does_not_resolve 38089855 · European heart journal open (2023) — Risk of arrhythmias following COVID-19: nationwide self-controlled case series and matched cohort study.
does_not_resolve 40818314 · Vaccine (2025) — COVID-19 vaccination and the risk of abnormal uterine bleeding: A nationwide self-controlled case series study.
does_not_resolve 37223097 · Frontiers in immunology (2023) — Safety of COVID-19 vaccine in patients with myasthenia gravis: a self-controlled case series study.
does_not_resolve 40440921 · Vaccine (2025) — Risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome after COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection: A multinational self-controlled case series study.
does_not_resolve 36226469 · Epilepsia (2022) — Association between the risk of seizure and COVID-19 vaccinations: A self-controlled case-series study.
does_not_resolve 35489031 · Journal of clinical psychopharmacology (2022) — Prescription Stimulants and the Risk of Psychosis: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies.
H2 · Formulation natural experimentno_data
Measure: Risk shifts with a formulation change in the field Comparator: Pre- vs post-change formulation Hit rule: Observed risk tracks a real-world formulation change (natural experiment)
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Formulation natural experiment intervention OR treatment OR reversal pubmed · 15141378 hits · run 2026-09-07
Measure: Risk signal appears/disappears across a pause or policy change Comparator: Pre- vs post-pause period Hit rule: The signal appears or disappears coherently with a rollout / pause (H4)
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Policy / pause signal intervention OR treatment OR reversal pubmed · 15141378 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Policy / pause signal no effect intervention pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
I3 · Infection coherenceno_data
Measure: Pattern is coherent with or distinct from infection Comparator: Infection-matched comparison Hit rule: The post-vaccine pattern is coherent with (or clearly distinct from) the infection pattern
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Infection coherence coherence OR latency OR susceptibility pubmed · 870020 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Infection coherence inconsistent OR contradicts pubmed · 27612 hits · run 2026-09-07
Mediator & biological gradient 24/24 evaluated
C1n · Dose strength gradientno_data
Measure: Risk vs dose strength (dose size) Comparator: Lower dose strength Hit rule: Monotonic dose-response in dose strength (larger dose -> higher risk)
Finding: No retrieved evidence directly evaluates a monotonic dose-response gradient between COVID-19 vaccine dose strength (e.g., first, second, booster doses) and risk of pulmonary embolism. One case report (PMID 38022220) describes a patient who developed pulmonary embolism after the second dose after leg pain after the first dose, suggesting possible sensitization rather than a dose-strength gradient. One case report (PMID 36824535) describes pulmonary embolism after the second dose only. Other retrieved articles discuss thrombotic events after COVID-19 vaccines but do not compare risk across different dose strengths.
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Dose strength gradient dose-response OR dose effect pubmed · 1299132 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism no dose effect OR no dose-response Dose strength gradient pubmed · 140 hits · run 2026-09-07
8 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 39082700 · The Journal of infectious diseases (2025) — Effectiveness of MenB-4C Vaccine Against Gonorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
refutes_node 34477808 · JAMA (2021) — Surveillance for Adverse Events After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination.
does_not_resolve 36988252 · Immunity, inflammation and disease (2023) — Adverse events following COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: A systematic review of cardiovascular complication, thrombosis, and thrombocytopenia.
does_not_resolve 37692656 · Cureus (2023) — Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Following COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose: A Case Report.
supports_node 36824535 · Cureus (2023) — Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine: A New Player in Vaccine-Induced Thrombosis Without Thrombocytopenia.
supports_node 34259661 · Critical care medicine (2022) — Recognizing Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia.
supports_node 38022220 · Cureus (2023) — A Case of Leg Pain After the Initial Dose of the COVID-19 Vaccine, Followed by Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism After the Second Dose.
C2n · Dose number gradientmixed
Measure: Risk vs dose number (1st vs 2nd vs 3rd) Comparator: First dose Hit rule: Risk increases (or shows a defined pattern) with dose number
Finding: One case report describes pulmonary embolism after the second dose of an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (PMID 36824535), and another after the second dose of BNT162b2 (PMID 35784614); however, the evidence is limited to case reports and does not provide a systematic comparison of risk across dose numbers (1st vs 2nd vs 3rd).
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Dose number gradient dose-response OR dose effect pubmed · 1299132 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism no dose effect OR no dose-response Dose number gradient pubmed · 584 hits · run 2026-09-07
8 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 39082700 · The Journal of infectious diseases (2025) — Effectiveness of MenB-4C Vaccine Against Gonorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
does_not_resolve 34477808 · JAMA (2021) — Surveillance for Adverse Events After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination.
supports_node 36988252 · Immunity, inflammation and disease (2023) — Adverse events following COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: A systematic review of cardiovascular complication, thrombosis, and thrombocytopenia.
does_not_resolve 37692656 · Cureus (2023) — Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Following COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose: A Case Report.
supports_node 36824535 · Cureus (2023) — Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine: A New Player in Vaccine-Induced Thrombosis Without Thrombocytopenia.
ambiguous 34259661 · Critical care medicine (2022) — Recognizing Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia.
supports_node 35784614 · Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) (2022) — Pulmonary embolism with junctional tachycardia: A serious complication after COVID-19 vaccination.
C3n · Measured-exposure tertilesno_data
Measure: Risk vs measured exposure tertile Comparator: Lowest-exposure tertile Hit rule: Risk ordered by measured-exposure tertile (high > mid > low)
Finding: One case report (PMID 36824535) describes extensive pulmonary embolism three days after Moderna mRNA vaccine dose 2, and another case report (PMID 35784614) describes pulmonary embolism seven days after Pfizer-BioNTech dose 2. A systematic review of cardiovascular adverse events after mRNA COVID-19 vaccines (PMID 36988252) lists pulmonary embolism as a reported complication, but does not provide measured-exposure tertile risk data.
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Measured-exposure tertiles dose-response OR dose effect pubmed · 1299132 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism no dose effect OR no dose-response Measured-exposure tertiles pubmed · 29 hits · run 2026-09-07
12 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 39082700 · The Journal of infectious diseases (2025) — Effectiveness of MenB-4C Vaccine Against Gonorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
refutes_node 34477808 · JAMA (2021) — Surveillance for Adverse Events After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination.
supports_node 36988252 · Immunity, inflammation and disease (2023) — Adverse events following COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: A systematic review of cardiovascular complication, thrombosis, and thrombocytopenia.
ambiguous 37692656 · Cureus (2023) — Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Following COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose: A Case Report.
supports_node 36824535 · Cureus (2023) — Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine: A New Player in Vaccine-Induced Thrombosis Without Thrombocytopenia.
supports_node 34259661 · Critical care medicine (2022) — Recognizing Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia.
supports_node 38022220 · Cureus (2023) — A Case of Leg Pain After the Initial Dose of the COVID-19 Vaccine, Followed by Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism After the Second Dose.
C4n · Organoid concentration curveno_data
Measure: Effect vs antigen concentration in organoid Comparator: Vehicle / zero antigen Hit rule: Dose-dependent effect across a graded concentration curve
Finding: Only case reports and a case series describe pulmonary embolism (PE) after COVID-19 vaccination, but no retrieved study examines a dose-dependent effect across a graded antigen concentration curve in an organoid model for COVID-19 vaccine-related PE.
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Organoid concentration curve dose-response OR dose effect pubmed · 1299132 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism no dose effect OR no dose-response Organoid concentration curve pubmed · 40 hits · run 2026-09-07
13 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 39082700 · The Journal of infectious diseases (2025) — Effectiveness of MenB-4C Vaccine Against Gonorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
does_not_resolve 36090988 · Frontiers in immunology (2022) — A comprehensive analysis of the efficacy and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines.
does_not_resolve 34776011 · Infectious diseases of poverty (2021) — Effectiveness and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in real-world studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
refutes_node 34477808 · JAMA (2021) — Surveillance for Adverse Events After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination.
supports_node 36988252 · Immunity, inflammation and disease (2023) — Adverse events following COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: A systematic review of cardiovascular complication, thrombosis, and thrombocytopenia.
does_not_resolve 37692656 · Cureus (2023) — Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Following COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose: A Case Report.
supports_node 36824535 · Cureus (2023) — Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine: A New Player in Vaccine-Induced Thrombosis Without Thrombocytopenia.
C5n · EC50 vs Cmax coherenceno_data
Measure: Measured exposure reaches effect threshold Comparator: Pharmacokinetic Cmax vs EC50 Hit rule: Achieved exposure (Cmax/tissue) plausibly reaches the in-vitro EC50
Finding: The retrieved evidence includes case reports of pulmonary embolism occurring shortly after COVID-19 vaccination (e.g., three days after Moderna second dose, seven days after Pfizer-BioNTech second dose) and mentions pulmonary embolism as a reported adverse event in surveillance and systematic reviews, but does not provide measured exposure (Cmax/tissue) data or in-vitro EC50 values relevant to the EC50 vs Cmax coherence node.
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism EC50 vs Cmax coherence dose-response OR dose effect pubmed · 1299132 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism no dose effect OR no dose-response EC50 vs Cmax coherence pubmed · 29 hits · run 2026-09-07
10 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 39082700 · The Journal of infectious diseases (2025) — Effectiveness of MenB-4C Vaccine Against Gonorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
refutes_node 34477808 · JAMA (2021) — Surveillance for Adverse Events After COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination.
supports_node 36988252 · Immunity, inflammation and disease (2023) — Adverse events following COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: A systematic review of cardiovascular complication, thrombosis, and thrombocytopenia.
ambiguous 37692656 · Cureus (2023) — Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Following COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose: A Case Report.
supports_node 36824535 · Cureus (2023) — Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine: A New Player in Vaccine-Induced Thrombosis Without Thrombocytopenia.
supports_node 34259661 · Critical care medicine (2022) — Recognizing Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia.
supports_node 35784614 · Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) (2022) — Pulmonary embolism with junctional tachycardia: A serious complication after COVID-19 vaccination.
E1 · Mediator identified in casesno_data
Measure: Mediator present in affected tissue/cells Comparator: Unaffected tissue / control Hit rule: The hypothesized mediator is detected in the affected compartment and not (or less) in control
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism mechanism Mediator identified in cases in vitro OR patient-derived pubmed · 29239 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Mediator identified in cases not associated mechanism pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
E2 · Mediator in healthy vaccineesno_data
Measure: Mediator detectable after vaccination Comparator: Pre-vaccination baseline Hit rule: Mediator appears after vaccination and tracks the exposure window
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism mechanism Mediator in healthy vaccinees in vitro OR patient-derived pubmed · 29239 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Mediator in healthy vaccinees not associated mechanism pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
E3 · Infection contrastno_data
Measure: Mediator absent/low after natural infection Comparator: Recovered natural infection Hit rule: Mediator signal is specific to vaccination vs a comparable natural-infection control
Finding: No direct evidence found for infection contrast; the retrieved study focuses on thrombus distribution in VITT after ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccination without comparing mediator presence or absence after natural infection.
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism mechanism Infection contrast in vitro OR patient-derived pubmed · 29239 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Infection contrast not associated mechanism pubmed · 2 hits · run 2026-09-07
1 retrieved record(s)
supports_node 35699579 · Radiology (2022) — Thrombus Distribution in Vaccine-induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCov-19 Vaccination.
E4 · Transfer to recipientno_data
Measure: Phenotype/mediator transferred to a recipient system Comparator: Control transfer Hit rule: The effect / mediator transfers to a naive recipient system
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism mechanism Transfer to recipient in vitro OR patient-derived pubmed · 29239 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Transfer to recipient not associated mechanism pubmed · 1 hits · run 2026-09-07
E5 · Transfer specificityno_data
Measure: Transfer requires the specific mediator Comparator: Transfer with mediator present Hit rule: Transfer effect is lost when the specific mediator is removed
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism mechanism Transfer specificity in vitro OR patient-derived pubmed · 29239 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Transfer specificity not associated mechanism pubmed · 1 hits · run 2026-09-07
E6 · Depletion / knockdownno_data
Measure: Removing the mediator reduces the effect Comparator: Non-targeted knockdown Hit rule: Knockdown / depletion of the mediator reduces the phenotype
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism mechanism Depletion / knockdown in vitro OR patient-derived pubmed · 29239 hits · run 2026-09-07
Measure: Adding the mediator restores the effect Comparator: Add-back of a control protein Hit rule: Adding back the mediator (not a control) restores the phenotype
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism mechanism Add-back rescue in vitro OR patient-derived pubmed · 29239 hits · run 2026-09-07
Measure: Neutralizing the mediator blocks the effect Comparator: Isotype control Hit rule: Neutralization of the mediator (not an isotype control) blocks the phenotype
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism mechanism Neutralization in vitro OR patient-derived pubmed · 29239 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Neutralization not associated mechanism pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
E9 · Isotype controlno_data
Measure: Isotype control does not reproduce the effect Comparator: Active antibody Hit rule: An isotype control fails to reproduce the block/activation
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism mechanism Isotype control in vitro OR patient-derived pubmed · 29239 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Isotype control not associated mechanism pubmed · 1 hits · run 2026-09-07
F1 · Full product reproducesno_data
Measure: Full vaccine product reproduces the effect Comparator: No-product control Hit rule: The full product (not a subcomponent) reproduces the effect
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Full product reproduces component OR antigen OR vector pubmed · 2045214 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Full product reproduces no effect component isolation pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
6 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 29550258 · Immunology letters (2018) — Live bacterial vaccine vector and delivery strategies of heterologous antigen: A review.
does_not_resolve 25876176 · Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics (2015) — Progress on adenovirus-vectored universal influenza vaccines.
does_not_resolve 21952287 · Cancer journal (Sudbury, Mass.) (2011) — Viral vector-based therapeutic cancer vaccines.
does_not_resolve 27384578 · Viruses (2016) — Newcastle Disease Virus as a Vaccine Vector for Development of Human and Veterinary Vaccines.
F2 · Empty vector / particleno_data
Measure: Vector/particle without antigen reproduces (or not) Comparator: Full product Hit rule: Effect attributed to (or excluded from) the vector/particle backbone alone
Finding: The retrieved evidence discusses viral and bacterial vaccine vectors for influenza, measles, cancer, and veterinary vaccines, but none report or assess the occurrence of pulmonary embolism associated with a vaccine vector/particle backbone without antigen.
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Empty vector / particle component OR antigen OR vector pubmed · 2045214 hits · run 2026-09-07
does_not_resolve 25876176 · Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics (2015) — Progress on adenovirus-vectored universal influenza vaccines.
does_not_resolve 21952287 · Cancer journal (Sudbury, Mass.) (2011) — Viral vector-based therapeutic cancer vaccines.
does_not_resolve 27384578 · Viruses (2016) — Newcastle Disease Virus as a Vaccine Vector for Development of Human and Veterinary Vaccines.
F4 · Irrelevant cargono_data
Measure: Irrelevant cargo does not reproduce the effect Comparator: Vector with the target antigen Hit rule: Irrelevant cargo fails to reproduce the effect (specificity)
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Irrelevant cargo component OR antigen OR vector pubmed · 2045214 hits · run 2026-09-07
does_not_resolve 25876176 · Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics (2015) — Progress on adenovirus-vectored universal influenza vaccines.
does_not_resolve 21952287 · Cancer journal (Sudbury, Mass.) (2011) — Viral vector-based therapeutic cancer vaccines.
does_not_resolve 27384578 · Viruses (2016) — Newcastle Disease Virus as a Vaccine Vector for Development of Human and Veterinary Vaccines.
F5 · Infection preparationno_data
Measure: Infection preparation vs product comparison Comparator: Product-derived preparation Hit rule: Effect compares correctly between infection and product preparations
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Infection preparation component OR antigen OR vector pubmed · 2045214 hits · run 2026-09-07
does_not_resolve 25876176 · Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics (2015) — Progress on adenovirus-vectored universal influenza vaccines.
does_not_resolve 21952287 · Cancer journal (Sudbury, Mass.) (2011) — Viral vector-based therapeutic cancer vaccines.
does_not_resolve 27384578 · Viruses (2016) — Newcastle Disease Virus as a Vaccine Vector for Development of Human and Veterinary Vaccines.
F6 · Cytokine / adjuvant mixno_data
Measure: Cytokine/adjuvant mix alone reproduces (or not) Comparator: Individual components Hit rule: The effect is (or is not) reproducible by the cytokine/adjuvant mix alone
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Cytokine / adjuvant mix component OR antigen OR vector pubmed · 2045214 hits · run 2026-09-07
does_not_resolve 25876176 · Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics (2015) — Progress on adenovirus-vectored universal influenza vaccines.
does_not_resolve 21952287 · Cancer journal (Sudbury, Mass.) (2011) — Viral vector-based therapeutic cancer vaccines.
does_not_resolve 27384578 · Viruses (2016) — Newcastle Disease Virus as a Vaccine Vector for Development of Human and Veterinary Vaccines.
F7 · Component combinationno_data
Measure: Defined component combination reproduces the effect Comparator: Single components Hit rule: A defined combination reproduces the effect that single components do not
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Component combination component OR antigen OR vector pubmed · 2045214 hits · run 2026-09-07
does_not_resolve 25876176 · Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics (2015) — Progress on adenovirus-vectored universal influenza vaccines.
does_not_resolve 21952287 · Cancer journal (Sudbury, Mass.) (2011) — Viral vector-based therapeutic cancer vaccines.
does_not_resolve 27384578 · Viruses (2016) — Newcastle Disease Virus as a Vaccine Vector for Development of Human and Veterinary Vaccines.
G1 · 2D human cellsno_data
Measure: Effect reproduced in 2D human cell culture Comparator: Untreated / control cells Hit rule: Effect reproduced in 2D primary human cells
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism 2D human cells animal OR organoid OR cell model pubmed · 1818474 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism 2D human cells not reproduced model pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
G2 · Organoid / chipno_data
Measure: Effect reproduced in organoid / organ-on-chip Comparator: Unexposed organoid Hit rule: Effect reproduced in a 3D organoid / organ-on-chip system
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Organoid / chip animal OR organoid OR cell model pubmed · 1818474 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Organoid / chip not reproduced model pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
H1 · Block in vitro / in vivono_data
Measure: Blocking the mediator/mechanism prevents the effect Comparator: Control intervention Hit rule: Blocking the mechanism prevents or reverses the effect (not with a control intervention)
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Block in vitro / in vivo intervention OR treatment OR reversal pubmed · 15141378 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Block in vitro / in vivo no effect intervention pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
Clinical / animal / host 7/7 evaluated
E10 · Host-line dependenceno_data
Measure: Effect depends on host line/cell type Comparator: Susceptible host line Hit rule: Effect is restricted to a defined host line / genotype, not universal
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism mechanism Host-line dependence in vitro OR patient-derived pubmed · 29239 hits · run 2026-09-07
Measure: Effect in animal via the clinical route of administration Comparator: Vehicle, same route Hit rule: Effect reproduced in an animal using the clinical route of administration
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Animal, clinical route animal OR organoid OR cell model pubmed · 1818474 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Animal, clinical route not reproduced model pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
G4 · Susceptible animalno_data
Measure: Effect in a susceptible animal model Comparator: Non-susceptible model Hit rule: Effect in a defined susceptible animal model
Finding: A review article describes vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia after certain COVID-19 vaccines, which can lead to thrombotic events including deep vein thrombosis, potentially encompassing pulmonary embolism, but does not specifically report pulmonary embolism in a susceptible animal model.
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Susceptible animal animal OR organoid OR cell model pubmed · 1818475 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Susceptible animal not reproduced model pubmed · 1 hits · run 2026-09-07
Measure: Effect replicated in an independent lab Comparator: Original result Hit rule: The key effect is replicated in an independent laboratory
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Replication across labs animal OR organoid OR cell model pubmed · 1818474 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Replication across labs not reproduced model pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
G6 · Blinded scoringno_data
Measure: Outcomes scored blinded Comparator: Unblinded reference Hit rule: Primary outcomes scored by a blinded assessor
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Blinded scoring animal OR organoid OR cell model pubmed · 1818474 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Blinded scoring not reproduced model pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
G7 · Experimental time courseno_data
Measure: Effect follows a defined experimental time course Comparator: No-exposure time course Hit rule: The effect's onset/offset follows a defined experimental time course
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Experimental time course animal OR organoid OR cell model pubmed · 1818474 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Experimental time course not reproduced model pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
I4 · Susceptibility traitno_data
Measure: A host trait / marker defines susceptibility Comparator: Trait-negative hosts Hit rule: A defined host trait / marker enriches for susceptibility
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Susceptibility trait coherence OR latency OR susceptibility pubmed · 870020 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: COVID-19 vaccine Pulmonary Embolism Susceptibility trait inconsistent OR contradicts pubmed · 27612 hits · run 2026-09-07
1 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 25187623 · Reproduction (Cambridge, England) (2014) — Epigenetics and life-long consequences of an adverse nutritional and diabetic intrauterine environment.
How this was built
Per node: a supporting and a mirror PubMed query built from the node's measure / population / comparator / hit_rule; top hits fetched (title + abstract); each record classified (supports / refutes / ambiguous) by xAI with a heuristic fallback; a per-node synthesis is generated strictly from the retrieved PMIDs; the node status is then rolled up to C1–C6. Full query provenance is shown per node above. Reproduce the build: python -m evidence_run. Data: data/evidence_run/state.json.