Evidence dossier · candidate cand-mmr-rash-generalised · VICP program · · DRAFT — not a determination
This is a draft research-tracking dossier, not a determination that MMR vaccine causes Rash generalised, and not an incidence or legal finding. All evidence is flagged needs_human_review and must be reviewed before any page is published or cited. Every value is grounded in retrieved citations (PMID + retrieval date); unsourced items read "no evidence found / not assessable". Symmetric search: every supporting query has a mirror/null query, and zeros are shown (negative dossiers report the absence of signal).
Claim matrix (C1–C6, computed)
Claim
Label
Status
Missing nodes
C1
Coherent clinical object exists
insufficient_data
missing: A2
C2
Consistent temporal window
supported
C3
Epidemiologic excess risk
insufficient_data
missing: B1 B3
C4
Consistency / replication
insufficient_data
missing: B5
C5
Specificity (product / dose)
insufficient_data
missing: C1n C2n
C6
Biological mechanism
insufficient_data
missing: E1
Two evidentiary bars apply to the epi nodes/claims (C3, C4): · VICP — preponderance of the evidence. · CICP (off-Table) — compelling, reliable, valid medical and scientific evidence (higher bar).
Bradford Hill assessment (computed)
Each viewpoint is derived from the node statuses below (see the framework crosswalk in compensation-tables-schema.md §8). Hill's viewpoints are aids to judgement, not a scoring checklist that proves causation; temporality is the only strictly necessary criterion.
Viewpoint
What it asks
Status (from evidence)
Temporality(necessary)
cause precedes effect in a plausible window (necessary)
NASEM (formerly IOM), "Adverse Effects of Vaccines: Evidence and Causality" (2011, updated 2024). Independent grading of epidemiologic and mechanistic evidence, synthesized into one of four causal-conclusion categories. This is a computed approximation of that framework, not a NASEM determination. See compensation-tables-schema.md §8bis.
Case-definition standard: no established case definition (needs_human_review — not in spec §1's named-standard list) — governs the case-certainty scale on A1/A2/A6/A8 below. See compensation-tables-schema.md §8ter.
Evidence matrix (68 nodes by workstream)
68 of 68 nodes evaluated · 136 PubMed queries logged (supporting + mirror, incl. zeros). Statuses are computed from retrieved citations; not hand-set.
Definition & attribution 24/24 evaluated
A1 · Case reportssupports
Measure: New definite object in risk window T Comparator: Pre-vaccination baseline Hit rule: Definite object present, onset in window, competing causes considered
Finding: Two case reports describe erythematous rash consistent with rubella after MMR vaccination, with onset 6–8 days post-vaccination and confirmed vaccine-strain virus, supporting a causal attribution for generalized rash in that window after competing causes are considered.
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised case report OR case series Case reports pubmed · 66169 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised alternative diagnosis OR not vaccine-related pubmed · 4052 hits · run 2026-09-07
12 retrieved record(s)
ambiguous 41654379 · Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia (2026) — Two vaccine-associated measles cases: Transmission or coincidental cases?
supports_node 32530771 · Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics (2021) — Vaccine-associated Rubella - a report of two cases and a review of the literature.
ambiguous 30000765 · (2006) — Human Papillomavirus Vaccines.
ambiguous 33647971 · QJM : monthly journal of the Association (2021) — COVID-19 vaccine-related myositis.
does_not_resolve 37775180 · Clinical medicine (London, England) (2023) — SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and myocarditis.
ambiguous 36381561 · Public health in practice (Oxford, Engla (2022) — Monkeypox vaccine-related stigma.
ambiguous 7114977 · Archives of internal medicine (1982) — Vaccine-related poliomyelitis.
A2 · Series with objective confirmationno_data
Measure: Definite object plus objective test Comparator: Reference range / diagnostic criteria Hit rule: Objective confirmation in >=1 case per the working definition
Finding: The retrieved evidence includes a review (PMID 16871116) that mentions rashes as a possible vaccine-related adverse event in children, which may be relevant to MMR vaccine and generalized rash, but no specific evidence for MMR vaccine with objective confirmation (Node A2) is reported.
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised case report OR case series Series with objective confirmation pubmed · 5645 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised alternative diagnosis OR not vaccine-related pubmed · 4052 hits · run 2026-09-07
10 retrieved record(s)
ambiguous 30000765 · (2006) — Human Papillomavirus Vaccines.
ambiguous 33647971 · QJM : monthly journal of the Association (2021) — COVID-19 vaccine-related myositis.
does_not_resolve 37775180 · Clinical medicine (London, England) (2023) — SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and myocarditis.
Measure: Distribution of onset times after dose Comparator: Pre-specified risk window Hit rule: Onset clusters inside the pre-specified window (not uniform/flat)
Finding: Two case reports describe generalized rash after MMR vaccination with onset at 6 and 8 days post-vaccination, consistent with vaccine-associated rubella; onset times cluster within a typical post-vaccination window (6–8 days).
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised case report OR case series Onset histogram pubmed · 6 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised alternative diagnosis OR not vaccine-related pubmed · 4052 hits · run 2026-09-07
12 retrieved record(s)
supports_node 41654379 · Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia (2026) — Two vaccine-associated measles cases: Transmission or coincidental cases?
supports_node 32530771 · Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics (2021) — Vaccine-associated Rubella - a report of two cases and a review of the literature.
does_not_resolve 30000765 · (2006) — Human Papillomavirus Vaccines.
ambiguous 33647971 · QJM : monthly journal of the Association (2021) — COVID-19 vaccine-related myositis.
does_not_resolve 37775180 · Clinical medicine (London, England) (2023) — SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and myocarditis.
ambiguous 36381561 · Public health in practice (Oxford, Engla (2022) — Monkeypox vaccine-related stigma.
ambiguous 7114977 · Archives of internal medicine (1982) — Vaccine-related poliomyelitis.
A4 · Temporal plausibilitysupports
Measure: Onset latency vs object pathophysiology Comparator: Object's known natural latency Hit rule: Onset latency consistent with the object's pathophysiology
Finding: Two case reports describe rash (vaccine-associated rubella or measles) occurring 6–8 days after MMR vaccination, with viral genotyping confirming the vaccine strain (PMID 41654379, PMID 32530771), consistent with onset latency expected for live attenuated vaccine virus replication and typical rubella or measles pathophysiology.
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised case report OR case series Temporal plausibility pubmed · 35 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised alternative diagnosis OR not vaccine-related pubmed · 4052 hits · run 2026-09-07
13 retrieved record(s)
supports_node 41654379 · Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia (2026) — Two vaccine-associated measles cases: Transmission or coincidental cases?
supports_node 32530771 · Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics (2021) — Vaccine-associated Rubella - a report of two cases and a review of the literature.
does_not_resolve 15638050 · Clinical and experimental rheumatology (2004) — A case-series of adverse events, positive re-challenge of symptoms, and events in identical twins following hepatitis B vaccination: analysis of the Vaccine Adv
ambiguous 30000765 · (2006) — Human Papillomavirus Vaccines.
ambiguous 33647971 · QJM : monthly journal of the Association (2021) — COVID-19 vaccine-related myositis.
does_not_resolve 37775180 · Clinical medicine (London, England) (2023) — SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and myocarditis.
ambiguous 36381561 · Public health in practice (Oxford, Engla (2022) — Monkeypox vaccine-related stigma.
A5 · Onset-interval documentationsupports
Measure: Onset interval documented in source Comparator: Dose date Hit rule: Onset interval is recorded (not imputed) in a primary source
Finding: PMID 41654379 reports two children with vaccine-associated measles and rash onset at 6 and 8 days post-MMR vaccination, with onset intervals explicitly recorded in the case descriptions. PMID 32530771 describes two adults with rubella-like rash after MMR vaccination, with onset intervals implicitly reported but not explicitly quantified in the abstract.
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised case report OR case series Onset-interval documentation pubmed · 4 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised alternative diagnosis OR not vaccine-related pubmed · 4052 hits · run 2026-09-07
12 retrieved record(s)
supports_node 41654379 · Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia (2026) — Two vaccine-associated measles cases: Transmission or coincidental cases?
supports_node 32530771 · Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics (2021) — Vaccine-associated Rubella - a report of two cases and a review of the literature.
ambiguous 30000765 · (2006) — Human Papillomavirus Vaccines.
ambiguous 33647971 · QJM : monthly journal of the Association (2021) — COVID-19 vaccine-related myositis.
does_not_resolve 37775180 · Clinical medicine (London, England) (2023) — SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and myocarditis.
does_not_resolve 36381561 · Public health in practice (Oxford, Engla (2022) — Monkeypox vaccine-related stigma.
ambiguous 7114977 · Archives of internal medicine (1982) — Vaccine-related poliomyelitis.
A6 · Differential diagnosis excludedno_data
Measure: Competing causes assessed and excluded Comparator: Likely alternative diagnoses Hit rule: Pre-specified competing causes ruled out per the working definition
Finding: No retrieved evidence addresses the specific pair of MMR vaccine and rash generalised, nor does any evidence describe assessment or exclusion of competing causes for this outcome.
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised case report OR case series Differential diagnosis excluded pubmed · 431 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised alternative diagnosis OR not vaccine-related pubmed · 4052 hits · run 2026-09-07
10 retrieved record(s)
ambiguous 30000765 · (2006) — Human Papillomavirus Vaccines.
ambiguous 33647971 · QJM : monthly journal of the Association (2021) — COVID-19 vaccine-related myositis.
does_not_resolve 37775180 · Clinical medicine (London, England) (2023) — SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and myocarditis.
Measure: Object recurs on a further dose Comparator: First-dose response Hit rule: Object recurs after a subsequent dose (re-exposure)
Finding: Two case reports describe rash after MMR vaccination, including one with genotype A measles vaccine strain and one with rubella vaccine strain confirmed by sequencing; however, no explicit evidence of rash recurrence after a subsequent (second) dose of MMR vaccine was identified in the retrieved evidence.
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised case report OR case series Rechallenge / re-exposure pubmed · 6 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised alternative diagnosis OR not vaccine-related pubmed · 4052 hits · run 2026-09-07
12 retrieved record(s)
supports_node 41654379 · Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia (2026) — Two vaccine-associated measles cases: Transmission or coincidental cases?
supports_node 32530771 · Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics (2021) — Vaccine-associated Rubella - a report of two cases and a review of the literature.
does_not_resolve 30000765 · (2006) — Human Papillomavirus Vaccines.
ambiguous 33647971 · QJM : monthly journal of the Association (2021) — COVID-19 vaccine-related myositis.
does_not_resolve 37775180 · Clinical medicine (London, England) (2023) — SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and myocarditis.
ambiguous 36381561 · Public health in practice (Oxford, Engla (2022) — Monkeypox vaccine-related stigma.
ambiguous 7114977 · Archives of internal medicine (1982) — Vaccine-related poliomyelitis.
A8 · Adjudicated by criteria (no established case definition)no_data
Measure: Object adjudicated by published criteria Comparator: Published clinical / Brighton criteria Hit rule: Cases adjudicated to 'definite' by a published criterion set
Finding: Two case reports describe rash consistent with rubella disease after MMR vaccination, with one confirmed by sequencing of vaccine-strain rubella virus (PMID 32530771 2021). No retrieved evidence specifically adjudicates cases as 'definite' by a published criterion set for generalized rash following MMR.
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised case report OR case series Adjudicated by criteria pubmed · 43 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised alternative diagnosis OR not vaccine-related pubmed · 4052 hits · run 2026-09-07
12 retrieved record(s)
supports_node 41654379 · Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia (2026) — Two vaccine-associated measles cases: Transmission or coincidental cases?
supports_node 32530771 · Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics (2021) — Vaccine-associated Rubella - a report of two cases and a review of the literature.
ambiguous 30000765 · (2006) — Human Papillomavirus Vaccines.
ambiguous 33647971 · QJM : monthly journal of the Association (2021) — COVID-19 vaccine-related myositis.
does_not_resolve 37775180 · Clinical medicine (London, England) (2023) — SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and myocarditis.
ambiguous 36381561 · Public health in practice (Oxford, Engla (2022) — Monkeypox vaccine-related stigma.
ambiguous 7114977 · Archives of internal medicine (1982) — Vaccine-related poliomyelitis.
A9 · Natural-history consistencymixed
Measure: Course matches the object's natural history Comparator: Known natural history of the object Hit rule: Clinical course (onset, peak, recovery) matches the object's natural history
Finding: A case report of two children with vaccine-associated measles (genotype A) after MMR vaccination describes rash onset at 6 and 8 days post-vaccination, consistent with the natural history of vaccine-strain measles rash, but the node is for 'Rash generalised' and the evidence is limited to two cases and does not explicitly assess the full clinical course or competing causes.
ambiguous 36381561 · Public health in practice (Oxford, Engla (2022) — Monkeypox vaccine-related stigma.
ambiguous 7114977 · Archives of internal medicine (1982) — Vaccine-related poliomyelitis.
does_not_resolve 36441403 · Current cardiology reports (2022) — COVID-19 Vaccine-Related Myocardial and Pericardial Inflammation.
A10 · No confounding objectsupports
Measure: Not attributable to a co-occurring condition Comparator: Co-occurring illness that could produce the object Hit rule: Object not better explained by a co-occurring condition (infection, etc.)
Finding: Two case reports describe a generalized erythematous rash consistent with rubella after MMR vaccination, confirmed in one case as vaccine-strain rubella virus, with onset within the expected risk window and without evidence of a co-occurring infection explaining the rash.
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised case report OR case series No confounding object pubmed · 23 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised alternative diagnosis OR not vaccine-related pubmed · 4052 hits · run 2026-09-07
13 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 41654379 · Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia (2026) — Two vaccine-associated measles cases: Transmission or coincidental cases?
supports_node 32530771 · Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics (2021) — Vaccine-associated Rubella - a report of two cases and a review of the literature.
does_not_resolve 34312836 · Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (2022) — Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Used Concomitantly with Insulin Secretagogues and the Risk of Serious Hypoglycemia.
ambiguous 30000765 · (2006) — Human Papillomavirus Vaccines.
does_not_resolve 33647971 · QJM : monthly journal of the Association (2021) — COVID-19 vaccine-related myositis.
does_not_resolve 37775180 · Clinical medicine (London, England) (2023) — SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and myocarditis.
does_not_resolve 36381561 · Public health in practice (Oxford, Engla (2022) — Monkeypox vaccine-related stigma.
D1 · Predicted site of injuryno_data
Measure: Object at the site the mechanism predicts Comparator: Predicted anatomic site from the mechanism Hit rule: Object localizes to the anatomic site the mechanism predicts
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised anatomic localization Predicted site of injury mechanism pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Predicted site of injury not consistent with mechanism pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
D2 · Spared structuresno_data
Measure: Structures the mechanism should spare are spared Comparator: Structures predicted unaffected Hit rule: Structures predicted spared by the mechanism are indeed spared
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Spared structures not consistent with mechanism pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
D3 · Local vs systemic distributionno_data
Measure: Distribution matches mechanism scope Comparator: Local (injection site) vs systemic expectation Hit rule: Observed distribution (local vs systemic) matches the mechanism's predicted scope
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised anatomic localization Local vs systemic distribution mechanism pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Local vs systemic distribution not consistent with mechanism pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
D4 · Kinetics classno_data
Measure: Onset/offset kinetics match the mechanism Comparator: Expected kinetic class (acute vs chronic) Hit rule: Onset and offset kinetics are in the class the mechanism predicts
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Kinetics class not consistent with mechanism pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
D5 · Platform-mechanism matchno_data
Measure: Mechanism is consistent with the platform Comparator: Mechanistic expectation for the platform Hit rule: The proposed mechanism is biologically consistent with the vaccine platform
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Platform-mechanism match not consistent with mechanism pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
H3 · Targeted treatment reversesno_data
Measure: A targeted treatment reverses the object in patients Comparator: Treatment-naive / placebo Hit rule: A mechanism-directed treatment reverses the object (vs control treatment)
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Targeted treatment reverses intervention OR treatment OR reversal pubmed · 15141570 hits · run 2026-09-07
Measure: No node's finding contradicts another Comparator: Internal consistency across nodes Hit rule: No evaluated node directly contradicts another (coherence)
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised No internal contradiction coherence OR latency OR susceptibility pubmed · 870030 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised No internal contradiction inconsistent OR contradicts pubmed · 27612 hits · run 2026-09-07
I2 · Analogy to a known objectno_data
Measure: Object analogous to a well-established analog Comparator: Established analog's profile Hit rule: The object's profile matches a well-established analog on key features
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Analogy to a known object coherence OR latency OR susceptibility pubmed · 870030 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Analogy to a known object inconsistent OR contradicts pubmed · 27612 hits · run 2026-09-07
I5 · Latency coherenceno_data
Measure: Observed latency matches the mechanism's latency Comparator: Mechanism-predicted latency Hit rule: Observed onset latency is coherent with the mechanism's predicted latency
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Latency coherence coherence OR latency OR susceptibility pubmed · 870030 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Latency coherence inconsistent OR contradicts pubmed · 27612 hits · run 2026-09-07
J1 · Pre-specificationno_data
Measure: Window/hit-rule pre-specified before data Comparator: Pre-specified vs post-hoc Hit rule: The risk window, object, and hit rule were pre-specified before data were seen
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Pre-specification pre-specified OR adjudicated pubmed · 13549 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Pre-specification post-hoc OR hypothesis-generating only pubmed · 1698 hits · run 2026-09-07
1 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 39226489 · Journal of clinical oncology : official (2024) — Enhancing Precision in Detecting Severe Immune-Related Adverse Events: Comparative Analysis of Large Language Models and International Classification of Disease
J2 · Contrary-evidence logno_data
Measure: Contrary evidence is logged, not omitted Comparator: Support-only dossier Hit rule: Contrary / null / refuting findings are logged and shown alongside support
Finding: The retrieved study focuses on detecting immune-related adverse events from immune checkpoint inhibitors using large language models and ICD codes, and does not address MMR vaccine or rash generalised.
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Contrary-evidence log pre-specified OR adjudicated pubmed · 13549 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Contrary-evidence log post-hoc OR hypothesis-generating only pubmed · 1698 hits · run 2026-09-07
1 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 39226489 · Journal of clinical oncology : official (2024) — Enhancing Precision in Detecting Severe Immune-Related Adverse Events: Comparative Analysis of Large Language Models and International Classification of Disease
J3 · No temporality-only claimno_data
Measure: Claim not based on temporality alone Comparator: Sequence-only evidence Hit rule: The claim is not supported by temporal sequence alone (independent evidence exists)
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised No temporality-only claim pre-specified OR adjudicated pubmed · 13549 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised No temporality-only claim post-hoc OR hypothesis-generating only pubmed · 1698 hits · run 2026-09-07
2 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 39226489 · Journal of clinical oncology : official (2024) — Enhancing Precision in Detecting Severe Immune-Related Adverse Events: Comparative Analysis of Large Language Models and International Classification of Disease
does_not_resolve 40742144 · Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCS (2025) — Association of weekend catch-up sleep with the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk score: a hypothesis-generating study from US and Korean National Heal
J4 · Passive-surveillance roleno_data
Measure: Passive-surveillance findings bounded correctly Comparator: Active-surveillance confirmation Hit rule: Passive-surveillance signals are framed as hypothesis-generating, not confirmatory
Finding: The retrieved evidence discusses use of large language models to identify immune-related adverse events from immune checkpoint inhibitors, but does not address MMR vaccine or rash generalised as an adverse event.
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Passive-surveillance role pre-specified OR adjudicated pubmed · 13549 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Passive-surveillance role post-hoc OR hypothesis-generating only pubmed · 1698 hits · run 2026-09-07
1 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 39226489 · Journal of clinical oncology : official (2024) — Enhancing Precision in Detecting Severe Immune-Related Adverse Events: Comparative Analysis of Large Language Models and International Classification of Disease
J5 · Dose mappingno_data
Measure: Dose/lot exposure mapped to the object Comparator: Unmapped exposure Hit rule: Dose / lot exposure is mapped to the object where the mechanism predicts it
Finding: The retrieved evidence describes a study using large language models to identify immune-related adverse events (irAEs) from immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, not MMR vaccine or rash generalised, and does not address dose mapping or the specified node.
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Dose mapping pre-specified OR adjudicated pubmed · 13549 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Dose mapping post-hoc OR hypothesis-generating only pubmed · 1698 hits · run 2026-09-07
1 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 39226489 · Journal of clinical oncology : official (2024) — Enhancing Precision in Detecting Severe Immune-Related Adverse Events: Comparative Analysis of Large Language Models and International Classification of Disease
Epidemiologic chassis 13/13 evaluated
B1 · Excess vs baselineno_data
Measure: RR/IRR vs unexposed or prior window Comparator: Unvaccinated person-time or pre-vaccination window Hit rule: RR/IRR > 1 with CI excluding 1 after pre-specified confounders
Finding: The retrieved evidence contains no studies evaluating the risk of generalized rash following MMR vaccination. None of the cited PMIDs report a relative risk or incidence rate ratio for this specific adverse event.
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Excess vs baseline incidence risk cohort OR self-controlled case series pubmed · 945 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised no association OR null OR no increased risk Excess vs baseline pubmed · 88479 hits · run 2026-09-07
12 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 40440921 · Vaccine (2025) — Risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome after COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection: A multinational self-controlled case series study.
does_not_resolve 38875047 · The International journal of risk & safe (2024) — Self-controlled risk interval study of rotavirus vaccine safety: Findings and implications.
does_not_resolve 34937500 · Expert review of vaccines (2022) — Self-controlled case series design in vaccine safety: a systematic review.
does_not_resolve 34933893 · BMJ (Clinical research ed.) (2021) — Respiratory tract infection and risk of bleeding in oral anticoagulant users: self-controlled case series.
does_not_resolve 42661284 · Expert review of vaccines (2026) — Stroke risk following BNT162b2 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis of self-controlled case series studies.
does_not_resolve 38388239 · Vaccine (2024) — Mortality risk after COVID-19 vaccination: A self-controlled case series study.
does_not_resolve 40664645 · Nature communications (2025) — Evaluating the safety of XBB.1.5-containing COVID-19 mRNA vaccines using a self-controlled case series study.
B2 · SCCSno_data
Measure: Self-controlled case series risk ratio Comparator: Individuals' own risk intervals (no-event) Hit rule: SCCS risk ratio > 1 in the post-vaccination window, CI excluding 1
Finding: No retrieved evidence addresses the risk of rash generalised following MMR vaccination using a self-controlled case series design. The retrieved studies focus on COVID-19, rotavirus, shingles, HPV, and other vaccines or outcomes, and do not provide SCCS risk ratios for MMR vaccine and rash generalised.
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised SCCS incidence risk cohort OR self-controlled case series pubmed · 945 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised no association OR null OR no increased risk SCCS pubmed · 88587 hits · run 2026-09-07
10 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 40440921 · Vaccine (2025) — Risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome after COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection: A multinational self-controlled case series study.
does_not_resolve 34937500 · Expert review of vaccines (2022) — Self-controlled case series design in vaccine safety: a systematic review.
does_not_resolve 34933893 · BMJ (Clinical research ed.) (2021) — Respiratory tract infection and risk of bleeding in oral anticoagulant users: self-controlled case series.
does_not_resolve 38875047 · The International journal of risk & safe (2024) — Self-controlled risk interval study of rotavirus vaccine safety: Findings and implications.
does_not_resolve 42661284 · Expert review of vaccines (2026) — Stroke risk following BNT162b2 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis of self-controlled case series studies.
does_not_resolve 40664645 · Nature communications (2025) — Evaluating the safety of XBB.1.5-containing COVID-19 mRNA vaccines using a self-controlled case series study.
does_not_resolve 39795956 · International journal of molecular scien (2024) — The Potential Metalloestrogenic Effect of Aluminum on Breast Cancer Risk for Antiperspirant Users.
B3 · Cohort / risk-intervalno_data
Measure: Incidence rate ratio in defined window Comparator: Pre-specified risk vs comparison interval Hit rule: IRR > 1 in the pre-specified window, CI excluding 1, stratified by age/sex
Finding: No retrieved evidence directly addresses the association between MMR vaccine and generalized rash using a cohort or risk-interval design with the specified hit rule (IRR > 1, CI excluding 1, stratified by age/sex). The available studies cover Guillain-Barré syndrome, lymphadenopathy, arrhythmias, shingles, stroke, and other outcomes after COVID-19 or other vaccines, or are methodological reviews or meta-analyses on unrelated topics.
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Cohort / risk-interval incidence risk cohort OR self-controlled case series pubmed · 945 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised no association OR null OR no increased risk Cohort / risk-interval pubmed · 88088 hits · run 2026-09-07
12 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 40440921 · Vaccine (2025) — Risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome after COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection: A multinational self-controlled case series study.
does_not_resolve 40132892 · Open heart (2025) — Risk of myocardial infarction and stroke following bloodstream infection: a population-based self-controlled case series.
does_not_resolve 37857339 · Epidemiology and health (2023) — Risk of lymphadenopathy from SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in Korea: a self-controlled case series analysis.
does_not_resolve 34937500 · Expert review of vaccines (2022) — Self-controlled case series design in vaccine safety: a systematic review.
does_not_resolve 38089855 · European heart journal open (2023) — Risk of arrhythmias following COVID-19: nationwide self-controlled case series and matched cohort study.
does_not_resolve 38875047 · The International journal of risk & safe (2024) — Self-controlled risk interval study of rotavirus vaccine safety: Findings and implications.
does_not_resolve 42661284 · Expert review of vaccines (2026) — Stroke risk following BNT162b2 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis of self-controlled case series studies.
B4 · Meta-analysis / poolingno_data
Measure: Pooled effect across studies Comparator: Pooled estimate with heterogeneity Hit rule: Pooled estimate > 1 (or < 1) with quantified heterogeneity (I2)
Finding: No retrieved evidence addresses a pooled estimate for rash generalised following MMR vaccination with quantified heterogeneity (I2).
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Meta-analysis / pooling incidence risk cohort OR self-controlled case series pubmed · 945 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised no association OR null OR no increased risk Meta-analysis / pooling pubmed · 111921 hits · run 2026-09-07
12 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 40440921 · Vaccine (2025) — Risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome after COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection: A multinational self-controlled case series study.
does_not_resolve 34937500 · Expert review of vaccines (2022) — Self-controlled case series design in vaccine safety: a systematic review.
does_not_resolve 34933893 · BMJ (Clinical research ed.) (2021) — Respiratory tract infection and risk of bleeding in oral anticoagulant users: self-controlled case series.
does_not_resolve 38875047 · The International journal of risk & safe (2024) — Self-controlled risk interval study of rotavirus vaccine safety: Findings and implications.
does_not_resolve 42661284 · Expert review of vaccines (2026) — Stroke risk following BNT162b2 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis of self-controlled case series studies.
does_not_resolve 40664645 · Nature communications (2025) — Evaluating the safety of XBB.1.5-containing COVID-19 mRNA vaccines using a self-controlled case series study.
does_not_resolve 29402646 · Journal of the American Medical Director (2018) — Fall-Risk-Increasing Drugs: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: III. Others.
B5 · Negative-control outcomesno_data
Measure: No excess for outcomes the vaccine should not cause Comparator: Negative-control outcomes (unaffected by mechanism) Hit rule: Null for negative-control outcomes while target outcome is positive (specificity)
Finding: No evidence retrieved addresses the specific question of generalized rash following MMR vaccination, or provides null results for this outcome as a negative control. The retrieved studies focus on other vaccines (rotavirus, SARS-CoV-2, Shingrix, COVID-19 mRNA) or non-vaccine exposures (bloodstream infection, valproate), and none report on MMR vaccine or rash generalized.
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Negative-control outcomes incidence risk cohort OR self-controlled case series pubmed · 945 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised no association OR null OR no increased risk Negative-control outcomes pubmed · 88290 hits · run 2026-09-07
10 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 40132892 · Open heart (2025) — Risk of myocardial infarction and stroke following bloodstream infection: a population-based self-controlled case series.
does_not_resolve 38875047 · The International journal of risk & safe (2024) — Self-controlled risk interval study of rotavirus vaccine safety: Findings and implications.
does_not_resolve 37857339 · Epidemiology and health (2023) — Risk of lymphadenopathy from SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in Korea: a self-controlled case series analysis.
does_not_resolve 38089855 · European heart journal open (2023) — Risk of arrhythmias following COVID-19: nationwide self-controlled case series and matched cohort study.
does_not_resolve 42661284 · Expert review of vaccines (2026) — Stroke risk following BNT162b2 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis of self-controlled case series studies.
does_not_resolve 34937500 · Expert review of vaccines (2022) — Self-controlled case series design in vaccine safety: a systematic review.
does_not_resolve 40664645 · Nature communications (2025) — Evaluating the safety of XBB.1.5-containing COVID-19 mRNA vaccines using a self-controlled case series study.
B6 · Other-antigen comparisonno_data
Measure: Risk vs a different-antigen comparator Comparator: Comparator product with a different antigen Hit rule: Risk specific to the target antigen, not shared with the comparator antigen
Finding: No evidence found for MMR vaccine causing rash generalised using an other-antigen comparator design.
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Other-antigen comparison incidence risk cohort OR self-controlled case series pubmed · 945 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised no association OR null OR no increased risk Other-antigen comparison pubmed · 88052 hits · run 2026-09-07
13 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 40440921 · Vaccine (2025) — Risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome after COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection: A multinational self-controlled case series study.
does_not_resolve 40132892 · Open heart (2025) — Risk of myocardial infarction and stroke following bloodstream infection: a population-based self-controlled case series.
does_not_resolve 38875047 · The International journal of risk & safe (2024) — Self-controlled risk interval study of rotavirus vaccine safety: Findings and implications.
does_not_resolve 37857339 · Epidemiology and health (2023) — Risk of lymphadenopathy from SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in Korea: a self-controlled case series analysis.
does_not_resolve 34937500 · Expert review of vaccines (2022) — Self-controlled case series design in vaccine safety: a systematic review.
does_not_resolve 38089855 · European heart journal open (2023) — Risk of arrhythmias following COVID-19: nationwide self-controlled case series and matched cohort study.
does_not_resolve 42661284 · Expert review of vaccines (2026) — Stroke risk following BNT162b2 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis of self-controlled case series studies.
B7 · Absolute riskno_data
Measure: Per-100k risk in window Comparator: Absolute incidence per 100k Hit rule: Absolute risk reported and stable across the window (not an artifact of rarity)
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Absolute risk incidence risk cohort OR self-controlled case series pubmed · 945 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised no association OR null OR no increased risk Absolute risk pubmed · 111319 hits · run 2026-09-07
14 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 34933893 · BMJ (Clinical research ed.) (2021) — Respiratory tract infection and risk of bleeding in oral anticoagulant users: self-controlled case series.
does_not_resolve 34937500 · Expert review of vaccines (2022) — Self-controlled case series design in vaccine safety: a systematic review.
does_not_resolve 38875047 · The International journal of risk & safe (2024) — Self-controlled risk interval study of rotavirus vaccine safety: Findings and implications.
does_not_resolve 40664645 · Nature communications (2025) — Evaluating the safety of XBB.1.5-containing COVID-19 mRNA vaccines using a self-controlled case series study.
does_not_resolve 42661284 · Expert review of vaccines (2026) — Stroke risk following BNT162b2 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis of self-controlled case series studies.
does_not_resolve 40440921 · Vaccine (2025) — Risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome after COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection: A multinational self-controlled case series study.
does_not_resolve 29211679 · The New England journal of medicine (2017) — Contemporary Hormonal Contraception and the Risk of Breast Cancer.
B8 · Platform splitno_data
Measure: Risk by vaccine platform / product Comparator: Platform (mRNA vs viral vector, etc.) Hit rule: Risk attributable to a specific platform, not to 'a vaccine' generally
Finding: No retrieved evidence addresses the risk of rash generalised after MMR vaccination, nor does any study report platform-specific risk for MMR vaccine. The retrieved studies focus on COVID-19, rotavirus, shingles, and other vaccines, or non-vaccine exposures.
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Platform split incidence risk cohort OR self-controlled case series pubmed · 945 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised no association OR null OR no increased risk Platform split pubmed · 88117 hits · run 2026-09-07
12 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 40440921 · Vaccine (2025) — Risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome after COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection: A multinational self-controlled case series study.
does_not_resolve 38875047 · The International journal of risk & safe (2024) — Self-controlled risk interval study of rotavirus vaccine safety: Findings and implications.
does_not_resolve 34937500 · Expert review of vaccines (2022) — Self-controlled case series design in vaccine safety: a systematic review.
does_not_resolve 34933893 · BMJ (Clinical research ed.) (2021) — Respiratory tract infection and risk of bleeding in oral anticoagulant users: self-controlled case series.
does_not_resolve 42661284 · Expert review of vaccines (2026) — Stroke risk following BNT162b2 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis of self-controlled case series studies.
does_not_resolve 38388239 · Vaccine (2024) — Mortality risk after COVID-19 vaccination: A self-controlled case series study.
does_not_resolve 40664645 · Nature communications (2025) — Evaluating the safety of XBB.1.5-containing COVID-19 mRNA vaccines using a self-controlled case series study.
B9 · Host-structure stratificationno_data
Measure: Risk by age / sex / host structure Comparator: Unstratified estimate Hit rule: Risk concentrated in a defined host subgroup (e.g. young males), stable across sources
Finding: No retrieved evidence addresses risk of generalised rash after MMR vaccination stratified by age, sex, or host structure; the retrieved studies focus on COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, rotavirus, shingles, and other vaccines or outcomes, not MMR vaccine or generalised rash.
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Host-structure stratification incidence risk cohort OR self-controlled case series pubmed · 945 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised no association OR null OR no increased risk Host-structure stratification pubmed · 88050 hits · run 2026-09-07
12 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 40440921 · Vaccine (2025) — Risk of Guillain-Barré syndrome after COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection: A multinational self-controlled case series study.
does_not_resolve 40132892 · Open heart (2025) — Risk of myocardial infarction and stroke following bloodstream infection: a population-based self-controlled case series.
does_not_resolve 37857339 · Epidemiology and health (2023) — Risk of lymphadenopathy from SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in Korea: a self-controlled case series analysis.
does_not_resolve 34937500 · Expert review of vaccines (2022) — Self-controlled case series design in vaccine safety: a systematic review.
does_not_resolve 38089855 · European heart journal open (2023) — Risk of arrhythmias following COVID-19: nationwide self-controlled case series and matched cohort study.
does_not_resolve 38875047 · The International journal of risk & safe (2024) — Self-controlled risk interval study of rotavirus vaccine safety: Findings and implications.
does_not_resolve 42661284 · Expert review of vaccines (2026) — Stroke risk following BNT162b2 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis of self-controlled case series studies.
B10 · Formulation / component changeno_data
Measure: Risk tracks a formulation change Comparator: Pre- vs post-change formulation Hit rule: Risk change tracks a documented formulation / component change over time
Finding: No retrieved evidence evaluates MMR vaccine, rash generalised, or the relationship between risk changes and formulation/component changes. All retrieved studies address other vaccines (SARS-CoV-2, rotavirus, shingles, COVID-19 mRNA, BNT162b2, measles-containing vaccines) or other outcomes (myocardial infarction, stroke, lymphadenopathy, arrhythmias, shingles, intussusception, adverse events after measles vaccines).
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Formulation / component change incidence risk cohort OR self-controlled case series pubmed · 945 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised no association OR null OR no increased risk Formulation / component change pubmed · 88212 hits · run 2026-09-07
9 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 40132892 · Open heart (2025) — Risk of myocardial infarction and stroke following bloodstream infection: a population-based self-controlled case series.
does_not_resolve 37857339 · Epidemiology and health (2023) — Risk of lymphadenopathy from SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in Korea: a self-controlled case series analysis.
does_not_resolve 38089855 · European heart journal open (2023) — Risk of arrhythmias following COVID-19: nationwide self-controlled case series and matched cohort study.
does_not_resolve 34937500 · Expert review of vaccines (2022) — Self-controlled case series design in vaccine safety: a systematic review.
does_not_resolve 38875047 · The International journal of risk & safe (2024) — Self-controlled risk interval study of rotavirus vaccine safety: Findings and implications.
does_not_resolve 40664645 · Nature communications (2025) — Evaluating the safety of XBB.1.5-containing COVID-19 mRNA vaccines using a self-controlled case series study.
does_not_resolve 42661284 · Expert review of vaccines (2026) — Stroke risk following BNT162b2 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis of self-controlled case series studies.
H2 · Formulation natural experimentno_data
Measure: Risk shifts with a formulation change in the field Comparator: Pre- vs post-change formulation Hit rule: Observed risk tracks a real-world formulation change (natural experiment)
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Formulation natural experiment intervention OR treatment OR reversal pubmed · 15141570 hits · run 2026-09-07
Measure: Risk signal appears/disappears across a pause or policy change Comparator: Pre- vs post-pause period Hit rule: The signal appears or disappears coherently with a rollout / pause (H4)
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Policy / pause signal intervention OR treatment OR reversal pubmed · 15141570 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Policy / pause signal no effect intervention pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
I3 · Infection coherenceno_data
Measure: Pattern is coherent with or distinct from infection Comparator: Infection-matched comparison Hit rule: The post-vaccine pattern is coherent with (or clearly distinct from) the infection pattern
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Infection coherence coherence OR latency OR susceptibility pubmed · 870030 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Infection coherence inconsistent OR contradicts pubmed · 27612 hits · run 2026-09-07
Mediator & biological gradient 24/24 evaluated
C1n · Dose strength gradientno_data
Measure: Risk vs dose strength (dose size) Comparator: Lower dose strength Hit rule: Monotonic dose-response in dose strength (larger dose -> higher risk)
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Dose strength gradient dose-response OR dose effect pubmed · 1299145 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised no dose effect OR no dose-response Dose strength gradient pubmed · 121 hits · run 2026-09-07
3 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 39082700 · The Journal of infectious diseases (2025) — Effectiveness of MenB-4C Vaccine Against Gonorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
ambiguous 39799850 · Vaccine (2025) — A systematic review and meta-analysis of adverse events following measles-containing vaccines in infants less than 12 months of age.
does_not_resolve 33373368 · PLoS medicine (2020) — Assessing the risk of ketoacidosis due to sodium-glucose cotransporter (SGLT)-2 inhibitors in patients with type 1 diabetes: A meta-analysis and meta-regression
C2n · Dose number gradientno_data
Measure: Risk vs dose number (1st vs 2nd vs 3rd) Comparator: First dose Hit rule: Risk increases (or shows a defined pattern) with dose number
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Dose number gradient dose-response OR dose effect pubmed · 1299145 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised no dose effect OR no dose-response Dose number gradient pubmed · 565 hits · run 2026-09-07
4 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 39082700 · The Journal of infectious diseases (2025) — Effectiveness of MenB-4C Vaccine Against Gonorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
ambiguous 39799850 · Vaccine (2025) — A systematic review and meta-analysis of adverse events following measles-containing vaccines in infants less than 12 months of age.
does_not_resolve 30316563 · Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of t (2019) — Volume effects of radiotherapy on the risk of second primary cancers: A systematic review of clinical and epidemiological studies.
does_not_resolve 42106826 · The international journal of behavioral (2026) — Physical activity, falls, and dementia risk in adults aged ≥ 60: evidence from three cohorts.
C3n · Measured-exposure tertilesno_data
Measure: Risk vs measured exposure tertile Comparator: Lowest-exposure tertile Hit rule: Risk ordered by measured-exposure tertile (high > mid > low)
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Measured-exposure tertiles dose-response OR dose effect pubmed · 1299145 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised no dose effect OR no dose-response Measured-exposure tertiles pubmed · 10 hits · run 2026-09-07
8 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 39082700 · The Journal of infectious diseases (2025) — Effectiveness of MenB-4C Vaccine Against Gonorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
supports_node 39799850 · Vaccine (2025) — A systematic review and meta-analysis of adverse events following measles-containing vaccines in infants less than 12 months of age.
does_not_resolve 28362563 · Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics (2017) — Immunogenicity and safety of a novel MMR vaccine (live, freeze-dried) containing the Edmonston-Zagreb measles strain, the Hoshino mumps strain, and the RA 27/3
does_not_resolve 30849175 · Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Dise (2020) — Immunogenicity and Safety of a Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine Administered as a First Dose to Children Aged 12 to 15 Months: A Phase III, Randomized, Noninferior
does_not_resolve 27254037 · The Pediatric infectious disease journal (2016) — Safety and Immunogenicity of M-M-RII (Combination Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine) in Clinical Trials of Healthy Children Conducted Between 1988 and 2009.
ambiguous 42347632 · Vaccines (2026) — MMR Vaccination and Hen's Egg Allergy: Bridging the Gap Between Evidence and Clinical Practice.
does_not_resolve 32234138 · Zhonghua er ke za zhi = Chinese journal (2020) — [Coverage rate and adverse reactions of National Immunization Program vaccines in children with spinal muscular atrophy: a cross-sectional retrospective cohort
does_not_resolve 22622699 · The Pediatric infectious disease journal (2012) — Immunogenicity and safety of two tetravalent (measles, mumps, rubella, varicella) vaccines coadministered with hepatitis a and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines t
C4n · Organoid concentration curveno_data
Measure: Effect vs antigen concentration in organoid Comparator: Vehicle / zero antigen Hit rule: Dose-dependent effect across a graded concentration curve
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Organoid concentration curve dose-response OR dose effect pubmed · 1299145 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised no dose effect OR no dose-response Organoid concentration curve pubmed · 21 hits · run 2026-09-07
5 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 39082700 · The Journal of infectious diseases (2025) — Effectiveness of MenB-4C Vaccine Against Gonorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
does_not_resolve 39799850 · Vaccine (2025) — A systematic review and meta-analysis of adverse events following measles-containing vaccines in infants less than 12 months of age.
ambiguous 28362563 · Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics (2017) — Immunogenicity and safety of a novel MMR vaccine (live, freeze-dried) containing the Edmonston-Zagreb measles strain, the Hoshino mumps strain, and the RA 27/3
does_not_resolve 30849175 · Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Dise (2020) — Immunogenicity and Safety of a Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine Administered as a First Dose to Children Aged 12 to 15 Months: A Phase III, Randomized, Noninferior
does_not_resolve 32234138 · Zhonghua er ke za zhi = Chinese journal (2020) — [Coverage rate and adverse reactions of National Immunization Program vaccines in children with spinal muscular atrophy: a cross-sectional retrospective cohort
C5n · EC50 vs Cmax coherenceno_data
Measure: Measured exposure reaches effect threshold Comparator: Pharmacokinetic Cmax vs EC50 Hit rule: Achieved exposure (Cmax/tissue) plausibly reaches the in-vitro EC50
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised EC50 vs Cmax coherence dose-response OR dose effect pubmed · 1299145 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised no dose effect OR no dose-response EC50 vs Cmax coherence pubmed · 10 hits · run 2026-09-07
9 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 39082700 · The Journal of infectious diseases (2025) — Effectiveness of MenB-4C Vaccine Against Gonorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
does_not_resolve 38278806 · Scientific reports (2024) — Potential impact on using aspirin as the primary prevention of adverse pregnancy outcomes in twins conceived using ART.
ambiguous 39799850 · Vaccine (2025) — A systematic review and meta-analysis of adverse events following measles-containing vaccines in infants less than 12 months of age.
ambiguous 28362563 · Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics (2017) — Immunogenicity and safety of a novel MMR vaccine (live, freeze-dried) containing the Edmonston-Zagreb measles strain, the Hoshino mumps strain, and the RA 27/3
does_not_resolve 30849175 · Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Dise (2020) — Immunogenicity and Safety of a Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine Administered as a First Dose to Children Aged 12 to 15 Months: A Phase III, Randomized, Noninferior
ambiguous 32234138 · Zhonghua er ke za zhi = Chinese journal (2020) — [Coverage rate and adverse reactions of National Immunization Program vaccines in children with spinal muscular atrophy: a cross-sectional retrospective cohort
ambiguous 27254037 · The Pediatric infectious disease journal (2016) — Safety and Immunogenicity of M-M-RII (Combination Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine) in Clinical Trials of Healthy Children Conducted Between 1988 and 2009.
ambiguous 42347632 · Vaccines (2026) — MMR Vaccination and Hen's Egg Allergy: Bridging the Gap Between Evidence and Clinical Practice.
E1 · Mediator identified in casesno_data
Measure: Mediator present in affected tissue/cells Comparator: Unaffected tissue / control Hit rule: The hypothesized mediator is detected in the affected compartment and not (or less) in control
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised mechanism Mediator identified in cases in vitro OR patient-derived pubmed · 29242 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Mediator identified in cases not associated mechanism pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
E2 · Mediator in healthy vaccineesno_data
Measure: Mediator detectable after vaccination Comparator: Pre-vaccination baseline Hit rule: Mediator appears after vaccination and tracks the exposure window
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised mechanism Mediator in healthy vaccinees in vitro OR patient-derived pubmed · 29242 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Mediator in healthy vaccinees not associated mechanism pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
E3 · Infection contrastno_data
Measure: Mediator absent/low after natural infection Comparator: Recovered natural infection Hit rule: Mediator signal is specific to vaccination vs a comparable natural-infection control
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised mechanism Infection contrast in vitro OR patient-derived pubmed · 29242 hits · run 2026-09-07
Measure: Phenotype/mediator transferred to a recipient system Comparator: Control transfer Hit rule: The effect / mediator transfers to a naive recipient system
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised mechanism Transfer to recipient in vitro OR patient-derived pubmed · 29242 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Transfer to recipient not associated mechanism pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
E5 · Transfer specificityno_data
Measure: Transfer requires the specific mediator Comparator: Transfer with mediator present Hit rule: Transfer effect is lost when the specific mediator is removed
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised mechanism Transfer specificity in vitro OR patient-derived pubmed · 29242 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Transfer specificity not associated mechanism pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
E6 · Depletion / knockdownno_data
Measure: Removing the mediator reduces the effect Comparator: Non-targeted knockdown Hit rule: Knockdown / depletion of the mediator reduces the phenotype
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised mechanism Depletion / knockdown in vitro OR patient-derived pubmed · 29242 hits · run 2026-09-07
Measure: Adding the mediator restores the effect Comparator: Add-back of a control protein Hit rule: Adding back the mediator (not a control) restores the phenotype
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised mechanism Add-back rescue in vitro OR patient-derived pubmed · 29242 hits · run 2026-09-07
Measure: Neutralizing the mediator blocks the effect Comparator: Isotype control Hit rule: Neutralization of the mediator (not an isotype control) blocks the phenotype
Finding: The retrieved evidence does not mention any neutralization assay data linking a mediator to rash generalised after MMR vaccination, nor does it report blocking of a phenotype by mediator neutralization.
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised mechanism Neutralization in vitro OR patient-derived pubmed · 29242 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Neutralization not associated mechanism pubmed · 1 hits · run 2026-09-07
1 retrieved record(s)
ambiguous 22622699 · The Pediatric infectious disease journal (2012) — Immunogenicity and safety of two tetravalent (measles, mumps, rubella, varicella) vaccines coadministered with hepatitis a and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines t
E9 · Isotype controlno_data
Measure: Isotype control does not reproduce the effect Comparator: Active antibody Hit rule: An isotype control fails to reproduce the block/activation
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised mechanism Isotype control in vitro OR patient-derived pubmed · 29242 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Isotype control not associated mechanism pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
F1 · Full product reproducesno_data
Measure: Full vaccine product reproduces the effect Comparator: No-product control Hit rule: The full product (not a subcomponent) reproduces the effect
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Full product reproduces component OR antigen OR vector pubmed · 2045239 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Full product reproduces no effect component isolation pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
5 retrieved record(s)
does_not_resolve 29550258 · Immunology letters (2018) — Live bacterial vaccine vector and delivery strategies of heterologous antigen: A review.
does_not_resolve 25876176 · Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics (2015) — Progress on adenovirus-vectored universal influenza vaccines.
does_not_resolve 21952287 · Cancer journal (Sudbury, Mass.) (2011) — Viral vector-based therapeutic cancer vaccines.
F2 · Empty vector / particleno_data
Measure: Vector/particle without antigen reproduces (or not) Comparator: Full product Hit rule: Effect attributed to (or excluded from) the vector/particle backbone alone
Finding: The retrieved evidence discusses live bacterial and viral vaccine vectors for delivering heterologous antigens, but does not address or provide data on the MMR vaccine specifically, nor does it report on rash generalised as an adverse event attributed to an empty vector or particle backbone alone.
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Empty vector / particle component OR antigen OR vector pubmed · 2045239 hits · run 2026-09-07
does_not_resolve 25876176 · Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics (2015) — Progress on adenovirus-vectored universal influenza vaccines.
does_not_resolve 21952287 · Cancer journal (Sudbury, Mass.) (2011) — Viral vector-based therapeutic cancer vaccines.
F4 · Irrelevant cargono_data
Measure: Irrelevant cargo does not reproduce the effect Comparator: Vector with the target antigen Hit rule: Irrelevant cargo fails to reproduce the effect (specificity)
Finding: The retrieved evidence discusses live bacterial and viral vaccine vectors, measles vaccine strain development, and influenza or cancer vaccine strategies, but does not address an association between MMR vaccine and generalized rash or provide any relevant specificity data for an adverse event.
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Irrelevant cargo component OR antigen OR vector pubmed · 2045239 hits · run 2026-09-07
does_not_resolve 25876176 · Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics (2015) — Progress on adenovirus-vectored universal influenza vaccines.
does_not_resolve 21952287 · Cancer journal (Sudbury, Mass.) (2011) — Viral vector-based therapeutic cancer vaccines.
F5 · Infection preparationno_data
Measure: Infection preparation vs product comparison Comparator: Product-derived preparation Hit rule: Effect compares correctly between infection and product preparations
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Infection preparation component OR antigen OR vector pubmed · 2045239 hits · run 2026-09-07
does_not_resolve 25876176 · Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics (2015) — Progress on adenovirus-vectored universal influenza vaccines.
does_not_resolve 21952287 · Cancer journal (Sudbury, Mass.) (2011) — Viral vector-based therapeutic cancer vaccines.
F6 · Cytokine / adjuvant mixno_data
Measure: Cytokine/adjuvant mix alone reproduces (or not) Comparator: Individual components Hit rule: The effect is (or is not) reproducible by the cytokine/adjuvant mix alone
Finding: No evidence found linking the cytokine/adjuvant mix alone to reproduction of rash generalised in the context of MMR vaccine.
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Cytokine / adjuvant mix component OR antigen OR vector pubmed · 2045239 hits · run 2026-09-07
does_not_resolve 25876176 · Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics (2015) — Progress on adenovirus-vectored universal influenza vaccines.
does_not_resolve 21952287 · Cancer journal (Sudbury, Mass.) (2011) — Viral vector-based therapeutic cancer vaccines.
F7 · Component combinationno_data
Measure: Defined component combination reproduces the effect Comparator: Single components Hit rule: A defined combination reproduces the effect that single components do not
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Component combination component OR antigen OR vector pubmed · 2045240 hits · run 2026-09-07
does_not_resolve 25876176 · Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics (2015) — Progress on adenovirus-vectored universal influenza vaccines.
does_not_resolve 21952287 · Cancer journal (Sudbury, Mass.) (2011) — Viral vector-based therapeutic cancer vaccines.
G1 · 2D human cellsno_data
Measure: Effect reproduced in 2D human cell culture Comparator: Untreated / control cells Hit rule: Effect reproduced in 2D primary human cells
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised 2D human cells animal OR organoid OR cell model pubmed · 1818526 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised 2D human cells not reproduced model pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
G2 · Organoid / chipno_data
Measure: Effect reproduced in organoid / organ-on-chip Comparator: Unexposed organoid Hit rule: Effect reproduced in a 3D organoid / organ-on-chip system
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Organoid / chip animal OR organoid OR cell model pubmed · 1818526 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Organoid / chip not reproduced model pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
H1 · Block in vitro / in vivono_data
Measure: Blocking the mediator/mechanism prevents the effect Comparator: Control intervention Hit rule: Blocking the mechanism prevents or reverses the effect (not with a control intervention)
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Block in vitro / in vivo intervention OR treatment OR reversal pubmed · 15141570 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Block in vitro / in vivo no effect intervention pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
Clinical / animal / host 7/7 evaluated
E10 · Host-line dependenceno_data
Measure: Effect depends on host line/cell type Comparator: Susceptible host line Hit rule: Effect is restricted to a defined host line / genotype, not universal
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised mechanism Host-line dependence in vitro OR patient-derived pubmed · 29242 hits · run 2026-09-07
Measure: Effect in animal via the clinical route of administration Comparator: Vehicle, same route Hit rule: Effect reproduced in an animal using the clinical route of administration
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Animal, clinical route animal OR organoid OR cell model pubmed · 1818526 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Animal, clinical route not reproduced model pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
G4 · Susceptible animalno_data
Measure: Effect in a susceptible animal model Comparator: Non-susceptible model Hit rule: Effect in a defined susceptible animal model
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Susceptible animal animal OR organoid OR cell model pubmed · 1818526 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Susceptible animal not reproduced model pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
G5 · Replication across labsno_data
Measure: Effect replicated in an independent lab Comparator: Original result Hit rule: The key effect is replicated in an independent laboratory
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Replication across labs animal OR organoid OR cell model pubmed · 1818526 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Replication across labs not reproduced model pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
G6 · Blinded scoringno_data
Measure: Outcomes scored blinded Comparator: Unblinded reference Hit rule: Primary outcomes scored by a blinded assessor
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Blinded scoring animal OR organoid OR cell model pubmed · 1818526 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Blinded scoring not reproduced model pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
G7 · Experimental time courseno_data
Measure: Effect follows a defined experimental time course Comparator: No-exposure time course Hit rule: The effect's onset/offset follows a defined experimental time course
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Experimental time course animal OR organoid OR cell model pubmed · 1818526 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Experimental time course not reproduced model pubmed · 0 hits (0 hits — negative) · run 2026-09-07
I4 · Susceptibility traitno_data
Measure: A host trait / marker defines susceptibility Comparator: Trait-negative hosts Hit rule: A defined host trait / marker enriches for susceptibility
Finding: no evidence found
Cited: (none)
supporting: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Susceptibility trait coherence OR latency OR susceptibility pubmed · 870030 hits · run 2026-09-07
mirror: MMR vaccine Rash generalised Susceptibility trait inconsistent OR contradicts pubmed · 27612 hits · run 2026-09-07
How this was built
Per node: a supporting and a mirror PubMed query built from the node's measure / population / comparator / hit_rule; top hits fetched (title + abstract); each record classified (supports / refutes / ambiguous) by xAI with a heuristic fallback; a per-node synthesis is generated strictly from the retrieved PMIDs; the node status is then rolled up to C1–C6. Full query provenance is shown per node above. Reproduce the build: python -m evidence_run. Data: data/evidence_run/state.json.