Minocycline Hydrochloride side effects: what 5,790 FDA adverse event reports show

Minocycline Hydrochloride · Zilxi · 411 reaction terms · 69,023 drug–reaction co-reports · data 2026-09-14

Drug class

Tetracycline-class drug

FDA label, Indications wording

Brand names

Zilxi

openFDA label

Who reports

5,790 reports · 81% serious · 1,708 with death outcome · 70% female

openFDA FAERS counts, all years, deduplication not applied

Used for

ZILXI is indicated for the treatment of inflammatory lesions of rosacea in adults . Limitations of Use This formulation of minocycline has not been evaluated in the treatment of infections. To reduce the development of dru.

FDA label, Indications and Usage

What it is

Minocycline hydrochloride, a semi-synthetic derivative of tetracycline, is [4S‑(4α,4aα,5aα,12aα)]-4,7-bis(dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro-3,10,12,12a‑tetrahydroxy-1,11-dioxo-2-naphthacenecarboxamide monohydrochloride.

FDA label, Description section

Boxed warning

None in the current label

How to read this page. FAERS is a spontaneous-reporting system: counts are not incidence rates and a signal is not proof of causation. Each reaction below is run through an automated screen — is the term in the FDA label (known), in the indications (the disease being treated), an administrative/coding term, or none of these (unlabeled)? That screen is mechanical text matching, not a causality assessment. The 30 hand-written Bradford Hill assessments are on the causality assessment page. Not medical advice.

Causality screen of the 40 strongest signals

Labeled adverse reaction 3Labeled (related wording) 4Reporting / coding artifact 4Lab value / disease marker 3Not in label — unassessed 26

What the badges mean

Labeled adverse reaction The exact term appears in the label's warnings or adverse-reactions sections: a known, expected effect. The FAERS signal confirms the label rather than discovering anything.
Labeled (related wording) The label describes this effect under different wording (e.g. 'neutropenia' for 'neutrophil count decreased'). Treated as known.
Reporting / coding artifact An administrative, monitoring or exposure term (product issue, off-label use, 'test normal', overdose...). Not a biological reaction; a high PRR here reflects how reports are coded.
Lab value / disease marker A laboratory result, investigation or disease-activity marker (antibody positive, CRP abnormal, swollen joint count) not described in the label. These usually mirror the monitored disease or testing protocol rather than a drug effect; not screened further.
Not in label — unassessed Not found in the label text, not an artifact pattern. This is a genuine candidate for a formal causality assessment (Bradford Hill / WHO-UMC); it has NOT had one here.

Strongest disproportionality signals

Flagged terms (PRR ≥ 2, χ² ≥ 4, n ≥ 10), ranked by PRR; infinite PRRs (no comparator reports) excluded. The EBGM column is a second, shrinkage-based estimate (MGPS) with its 5th percentile EB05 and the BCPNN IC025; a pair flagged by PRR alone is marked PRR-only and should be read as fragile. The strata column recomputes the PRR on serious reports only and flags pairs whose reports are unusually skewed by sex or come mostly from consumers rather than clinicians. 371 further terms are in the interactive explorer. Reaction links open the term's cross-drug page.

Show: hide coding/lab/outcome terms hide indication terms unlabeled only hide PRR-only

Reaction	Reports	PRR 95% CI · ROR · χ²/p	EBGM EB05 · IC025	Label screen	Serious-only & strata	Trial cross-check
Pemphigus	629	193.0 178.8–208.2ROR 216.3 · χ² 113,841 / p <1e-300	182.1 EB05 170.5 · IC025 +7.2 3/3 methods agree	Not in label — unassessed	serious PRR 129.9 · ♀ 100% (drug 70%) · 93% clinician	not reported in cached trials
Folliculitis	435	159.2 145.1–174.6ROR 172.0 · χ² 65,331 / p <1e-300	151.4 EB05 139.8 · IC025 +6.9 3/3 methods agree	Not in label — unassessed	serious PRR 126.7 · ♀ 98% (drug 70%) · 90% clinician	not reported in cached trials
Helicobacter infection	419	155.2 141.2–170.5ROR 167.2 · χ² 61,388 / p <1e-300	147.8 EB05 136.3 · IC025 +6.8 3/3 methods agree	Not in label — unassessed	serious PRR 111.2 · ♀ 100% (drug 70%) · 92% clinician	not reported in cached trials
Hypercholesterolaemia	386	152.2 137.9–168.0ROR 163.0 · χ² 55,487 / p <1e-300	145.0 EB05 133.2 · IC025 +6.8 3/3 methods agree	Not in label — unassessed	serious PRR 109.8 · ♀ 99% (drug 70%)	not reported in cached trials
Pericarditis	646	146.0 135.5–157.3ROR 164.2 · χ² 89,303 / p <1e-300	139.7 EB05 130.9 · IC025 +6.9 3/3 methods agree	Labeled adverse reaction exact term	serious PRR 99.9 · ♀ 100% (drug 70%) · 93% clinician	not reported in cached trials
Hand deformity	497	142.9 131.2–155.8ROR 156.3 · χ² 67,262 / p <1e-300	136.8 EB05 127.0 · IC025 +6.8 3/3 methods agree	Not in label — unassessed	serious PRR 105.8 · ♀ 100% (drug 70%) · 92% clinician	not reported in cached trials
Synovitis	629	130.7 121.2–140.9ROR 146.5 · χ² 78,053 / p <1e-300	125.7 EB05 117.6 · IC025 +6.7 3/3 methods agree	Not in label — unassessed	serious PRR 93.3 · ♀ 100% (drug 70%) · 93% clinician	not reported in cached trials
Red blood cell sedimentation rate increased	386	130.5 118.3–144.0ROR 139.8 · χ² 47,767 / p <1e-300	125.2 EB05 115.1 · IC025 +6.6 3/3 methods agree	Lab value / disease marker	serious PRR 100.8 · 92% clinician	not reported in cached trials
Bursitis	353	109.1 98.4–120.9ROR 116.1 · χ² 36,603 / p <1e-300	105.3 EB05 96.4 · IC025 +6.4 3/3 methods agree	Not in label — unassessed	serious PRR 88.2 · ♀ 100% (drug 70%) · 90% clinician	not reported in cached trials
Back injury	293	100.7 89.9–112.7ROR 106.0 · χ² 28,039 / p <1e-300	97.3 EB05 88.3 · IC025 +6.2 3/3 methods agree	Not in label — unassessed	serious PRR 91.4 · ♀ 100% (drug 70%)	not reported in cached trials
Wound infection	285	97.5 86.9–109.3ROR 102.5 · χ² 26,408 / p <1e-300	94.3 EB05 85.5 · IC025 +6.2 3/3 methods agree	Not in label — unassessed	serious PRR 72.0 · ♀ 100% (drug 70%) · 91% clinician	not reported in cached trials
Joint dislocation	260	91.6 81.2–103.4ROR 95.9 · χ² 22,648 / p <1e-300	88.8 EB05 80.1 · IC025 +6.1 3/3 methods agree	Not in label — unassessed	serious PRR 71.2 · ♀ 100% (drug 70%)	not reported in cached trials
Glossodynia (burning tongue/mouth pain)	545	90.4 83.4–98.1ROR 99.7 · χ² 46,979 / p <1e-300	88.0 EB05 81.9 · IC025 +6.2 3/3 methods agree	Not in label — unassessed	serious PRR 90.1 · ♀ 100% (drug 70%) · 90% clinician	not reported in cached trials
Coeliac disease	239	90.3 79.6–102.4ROR 94.2 · χ² 20,514 / p <1e-300	87.5 EB05 78.6 · IC025 +6.0 3/3 methods agree	Not in label — unassessed	serious PRR 77.6 · ♀ 100% (drug 70%)	not reported in cached trials
Foot deformity	267	89.2 79.2–100.5ROR 93.5 · χ² 22,650 / p <1e-300	86.6 EB05 78.2 · IC025 +6.0 3/3 methods agree	Not in label — unassessed	serious PRR 71.6 · ♀ 100% (drug 70%)	not reported in cached trials
Wound	656	87.5 81.3–94.1ROR 98.5 · χ² 54,720 / p <1e-300	85.2 EB05 79.9 · IC025 +6.2 3/3 methods agree	Not in label — unassessed	serious PRR 71.9 · ♀ 100% (drug 70%) · 91% clinician	not reported in cached trials
Joint range of motion decreased	299	82.8 74.1–92.6ROR 87.3 · χ² 23,555 / p <1e-300	80.6 EB05 73.2 · IC025 +6.0 3/3 methods agree	Not in label — unassessed	serious PRR 73.0 · ♀ 100% (drug 70%)	not reported in cached trials
Contraindicated product administered	665	81.6 75.9–87.7ROR 92.0 · χ² 51,753 / p <1e-300	79.6 EB05 74.7 · IC025 +6.1 3/3 methods agree	Reporting / coding artifact	serious PRR 70.2 · 91% clinician	not reported in cached trials
Laryngitis	217	73.8 64.7–84.2ROR 76.6 · χ² 15,208 / p <1e-300	71.9 EB05 64.2 · IC025 +5.7 3/3 methods agree	Not in label — unassessed	serious n=215 · ♀ 100% (drug 70%) · 96% clinician	not reported in cached trials
Systemic lupus erythematosus	679	70.8 65.9–76.1ROR 80.1 · χ² 45,845 / p <1e-300	69.3 EB05 65.1 · IC025 +5.9 3/3 methods agree	Labeled (related wording) related wording	serious PRR 50.4 · ♀ 100% (drug 70%) · 93% clinician	not reported in cached trials
C-reactive protein increased	678	68.8 64.0–73.9ROR 77.7 · χ² 44,427 / p <1e-300	67.4 EB05 63.2 · IC025 +5.9 3/3 methods agree	Lab value / disease marker	serious PRR 49.7 · 94% clinician	not reported in cached trials
Fibromyalgia	440	66.8 61.0–73.1ROR 72.2 · χ² 27,954 / p <1e-300	65.4 EB05 60.4 · IC025 +5.8 3/3 methods agree	Not in label — unassessed	serious PRR 60.9 · ♀ 100% (drug 70%)	not reported in cached trials
Adverse reaction	239	66.4 58.6–75.3ROR 69.2 · χ² 15,058 / p <1e-300	64.9 EB05 58.3 · IC025 +5.6 3/3 methods agree	Reporting / coding artifact	serious n=239 · ♀ 99% (drug 70%)	not reported in cached trials
Type 2 diabetes mellitus	568	61.9 57.2–67.0ROR 68.5 · χ² 33,452 / p <1e-300	60.8 EB05 56.7 · IC025 +5.7 3/3 methods agree	Not in label — unassessed	serious PRR 45.4 · ♀ 100% (drug 70%) · 92% clinician	not reported in cached trials
Irritable bowel syndrome	351	60.4 54.6–67.0ROR 64.3 · χ² 20,141 / p <1e-300	59.3 EB05 54.3 · IC025 +5.6 3/3 methods agree	Not in label — unassessed	serious PRR 53.4 · ♀ 96% (drug 70%) · 93% clinician	not reported in cached trials
Liver injury	387	58.9 53.4–64.9ROR 63.0 · χ² 21,624 / p <1e-300	57.8 EB05 53.1 · IC025 +5.6 3/3 methods agree	Labeled adverse reaction exact term	serious PRR 42.5 · ♀ 98% (drug 70%) · 91% clinician	not reported in cached trials
Obesity	253	58.3 51.6–65.8ROR 60.9 · χ² 13,976 / p <1e-300	57.2 EB05 51.5 · IC025 +5.5 3/3 methods agree	Not in label — unassessed	serious PRR 47.1 · ♀ 100% (drug 70%) · 90% clinician	not reported in cached trials
Taste disorder	279	51.1 45.5–57.3ROR 53.6 · χ² 13,474 / p <1e-300	50.2 EB05 45.5 · IC025 +5.3 3/3 methods agree	Not in label — unassessed	serious PRR 70.9 · ♀ 98% (drug 70%)	not reported in cached trials
Psoriatic arthropathy	553	50.5 46.6–54.7ROR 55.7 · χ² 26,437 / p <1e-300	49.7 EB05 46.3 · IC025 +5.4 3/3 methods agree	Not in label — unassessed	serious PRR 44.3 · ♀ 99% (drug 70%) · 91% clinician	not reported in cached trials
Osteoarthritis	568	49.1 45.3–53.1ROR 54.3 · χ² 26,383 / p <1e-300	48.3 EB05 45.1 · IC025 +5.4 3/3 methods agree	Not in label — unassessed	serious PRR 38.4 · ♀ 100% (drug 70%)	not reported in cached trials
Autoimmune disorder	128	49.0 41.3–58.3ROR 50.1 · χ² 5,899 / p <1e-300	48.1 EB05 41.5 · IC025 +5.1 3/3 methods agree	Labeled (related wording) related wording	serious PRR 36.6 · ♀ 99% (drug 70%) · 94% clinician	not reported in cached trials
Hepatic cirrhosis	245	48.1 42.5–54.4ROR 50.2 · χ² 11,106 / p <1e-300	47.3 EB05 42.5 · IC025 +5.2 3/3 methods agree	Not in label — unassessed	serious PRR 34.0 · ♀ 99% (drug 70%) · 96% clinician	not reported in cached trials
Liver function test increased	272	46.8 41.6–52.5ROR 49.0 · χ² 11,988 / p <1e-300	46.0 EB05 41.6 · IC025 +5.2 3/3 methods agree	Labeled (related wording) related wording	serious PRR 50.6 · ♀ 99% (drug 70%)	not reported in cached trials
Therapeutic product effect decreased	532	43.9 40.5–47.6ROR 48.2 · χ² 22,041 / p <1e-300	43.3 EB05 40.3 · IC025 +5.2 3/3 methods agree	Reporting / coding artifact	serious PRR 60.6 · ♀ 99% (drug 70%) · 90% clinician	not reported in cached trials
Drug-induced liver injury	367	43.6 39.4–48.1ROR 46.5 · χ² 15,065 / p <1e-300	43.0 EB05 39.4 · IC025 +5.2 3/3 methods agree	Labeled (related wording) related wording	serious PRR 30.7 · ♀ 95% (drug 70%) · 91% clinician	not reported in cached trials
Gait inability	365	40.4 36.5–44.6ROR 43.0 · χ² 13,834 / p <1e-300	39.8 EB05 36.5 · IC025 +5.1 3/3 methods agree	Not in label — unassessed	serious PRR 35.0 · ♀ 99% (drug 70%)	not reported in cached trials
Blood cholesterol increased	510	40.0 36.8–43.5ROR 43.8 · χ² 19,188 / p <1e-300	39.5 EB05 36.7 · IC025 +5.1 3/3 methods agree	Lab value / disease marker	serious PRR 42.5 · ♀ 98% (drug 70%) · 92% clinician	not reported in cached trials
Hepatitis (liver inflammation)	278	39.7 35.4–44.6ROR 41.7 · χ² 10,357 / p <1e-300	39.2 EB05 35.5 · IC025 +5.0 3/3 methods agree	Labeled adverse reaction exact term	serious PRR 28.3 · ♀ 98% (drug 70%)	not reported in cached trials
Impaired healing	356	39.7 35.8–43.9ROR 42.2 · χ² 13,253 / p <1e-300	39.2 EB05 35.9 · IC025 +5.0 3/3 methods agree	Reporting / coding artifact	serious PRR 33.6 · ♀ 99% (drug 70%)	not reported in cached trials
Joint stiffness	269	37.5 33.3–42.1ROR 39.3 · χ² 9,428 / p <1e-300	37.0 EB05 33.4 · IC025 +4.9 3/3 methods agree	Not in label — unassessed	serious PRR 47.4 · ♀ 99% (drug 70%)	not reported in cached trials

Trial evidence (ClinicalTrials.gov)

✓ Trial adverse-event data found on ClinicalTrials.gov

Largest completed trials with posted results that list Minocycline as a study intervention. The right-hand column of the signal table shows whether each FAERS term was also recorded in these trials, with a real denominator (0 of 40 signal terms matched).

NCT04608500 — A Study (Study 2) to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of FMX103 1.5% Topical Minocycline Foam in the Treatment (N=771, PHASE3; 7 AE terms posted; arms: FMX103 1.5%; Vehicle Foam)
NCT03142451 — A Study (Study 1) to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of FMX103 1.5% Topical Minocycline Foam in the Treatment (N=751, PHASE3; 13 AE terms posted; arms: FMX103 1.5%; Vehicle Foam)

Caveats: trial populations, doses and follow-up differ from the reporting population; AE terms are sponsor-coded and matched here by wording; absence from a trial list means the term was not reported above the sponsor's frequency threshold, not that it cannot occur.

Most frequently reported reactions

By raw co-report count, regardless of disproportionality. Common terms here are often the illness itself or generic outcomes.

Reaction	Reports	PRR 95% CI · ROR · χ²/p	EBGM EB05 · IC025	Label screen	Serious-only & strata	Trial cross-check
Drug ineffective (drug did not work)	1,310	3.6 3.4–3.8ROR 4.4 · χ² 2,625 / p <1e-300	3.6 EB05 3.4 · IC025 +1.8 3/3 methods agree	Reporting / coding artifact	serious PRR 6.9	not reported in cached trials
Off label use (used outside approved label)	1,203	5.0 4.8–5.3ROR 6.1 · χ² 4,034 / p <1e-300	5.0 EB05 4.8 · IC025 +2.2 3/3 methods agree	Reporting / coding artifact	serious PRR 6.5 · ♀ 90% (drug 70%) · 90% clinician	not reported in cached trials
Drug intolerance	969	36.8 34.7–39.0ROR 44.0 · χ² 33,529 / p <1e-300	36.4 EB05 34.5 · IC025 +5.1 3/3 methods agree	Reporting / coding artifact	serious PRR 41.7	not reported in cached trials
Pain	956	5.6 5.3–6.0ROR 6.5 · χ² 3,741 / p <1e-300	5.6 EB05 5.3 · IC025 +2.4 3/3 methods agree	Not in label — unassessed	serious PRR 6.0	NCT03142451: 1/256 (0.4%) on Minocycline (serious AE)
Rheumatoid arthritis	929	30.0 28.3–31.8ROR 35.5 · χ² 25,919 / p <1e-300	29.7 EB05 28.2 · IC025 +4.8 3/3 methods agree	Not in label — unassessed	serious PRR 25.7 · ♀ 95% (drug 70%)	not reported in cached trials
Nausea	844	3.9 3.6–4.1ROR 4.4 · χ² 1,866 / p <1e-300	3.9 EB05 3.7 · IC025 +1.8 3/3 methods agree	Not in label — unassessed	serious PRR 4.9 · ♀ 93% (drug 70%)	NCT03142451: 1/494 (0.2%) on Minocycline (serious AE)
Rash	817	6.8 6.4–7.3ROR 7.8 · χ² 4,139 / p <1e-300	6.8 EB05 6.4 · IC025 +2.6 3/3 methods agree	Labeled adverse reaction exact term	serious PRR 10.1 · ♀ 93% (drug 70%)	not reported in cached trials
Arthralgia (joint pain)	810	7.1 6.6–7.6ROR 8.1 · χ² 4,306 / p <1e-300	7.1 EB05 6.7 · IC025 +2.7 3/3 methods agree	Labeled adverse reaction exact term	serious PRR 8.9 · ♀ 96% (drug 70%)	not reported in cached trials
Drug hypersensitivity	800	15.0 14.0–16.0ROR 17.2 · χ² 10,468 / p <1e-300	14.9 EB05 14.1 · IC025 +3.8 3/3 methods agree	Labeled (related wording) related wording	serious PRR 26.6	not reported in cached trials
Fatigue (tiredness)	754	3.5 3.3–3.8ROR 3.9 · χ² 1,406 / p <1e-300	3.5 EB05 3.3 · IC025 +1.7 3/3 methods agree	Not in label — unassessed	serious PRR 4.5 · ♀ 93% (drug 70%)	NCT03142451: 1/494 (0.2%) on Minocycline (serious AE)
Joint swelling	750	22.7 21.2–24.2ROR 25.9 · χ² 15,506 / p <1e-300	22.5 EB05 21.2 · IC025 +4.4 3/3 methods agree	Not in label — unassessed	serious PRR 27.2	not reported in cached trials
Headache	706	4.1 3.8–4.4ROR 4.5 · χ² 1,690 / p <1e-300	4.1 EB05 3.8 · IC025 +1.9 3/3 methods agree	Labeled adverse reaction exact term	serious PRR 5.4 · ♀ 93% (drug 70%)	NCT04608500: 11/514 (2.1%) on Minocycline
Condition aggravated	699	8.4 7.8–9.0ROR 9.4 · χ² 4,603 / p <1e-300	8.3 EB05 7.8 · IC025 +2.9 3/3 methods agree	Reporting / coding artifact	serious PRR 8.8 · ♀ 93% (drug 70%)	not reported in cached trials
Pneumonia (lung infection)	689	7.7 7.2–8.3ROR 8.6 · χ² 4,085 / p <1e-300	7.7 EB05 7.2 · IC025 +2.8 3/3 methods agree	Labeled (related wording) related wording	serious PRR 5.7 · 90% clinician	not reported in cached trials
General physical health deterioration	689	21.8 20.4–23.4ROR 24.6 · χ² 13,669 / p <1e-300	21.7 EB05 20.4 · IC025 +4.3 3/3 methods agree	Reporting / coding artifact	serious PRR 18.0 · ♀ 98% (drug 70%) · 92% clinician	not reported in cached trials

Unlabeled candidate signals

These flagged terms were not found in the FDA label text and do not match an artifact pattern. They are the pairs that would merit a structured assessment (temporality, dose-response, biological plausibility, consistency across databases, trial or cohort evidence). The screen has not done that; string-matching misses label wording, and a strong PRR can still be stimulated reporting, co-medication, or the disease itself.

Pemphigus — n=629, PRR 193.0
Folliculitis — n=435, PRR 159.2
Helicobacter infection — n=419, PRR 155.2
Hypercholesterolaemia — n=386, PRR 152.2
Hand deformity — n=497, PRR 142.9
Synovitis — n=629, PRR 130.7
Bursitis — n=353, PRR 109.1
Back injury — n=293, PRR 100.7
Wound infection — n=285, PRR 97.5
Joint dislocation — n=260, PRR 91.6

✓ A hand-written Bradford Hill causality assessment exists for this drug: Minocycline ↔ Skin hyperpigmentation.

Want to assess one of these properly? The runbook describes the Bradford Hill / trial-evidence workflow used on the assessment page, and handoff_top1000_signals.csv lists the strongest unassessed pairs across all drugs.

Common questions

What are the most reported side effects of Minocycline?

In FDA FAERS, the most frequently co-reported reaction terms for Minocycline are pain, rheumatoid arthritis, nausea, rash, arthralgia, drug hypersensitivity. These are report counts, not rates: FAERS has no denominator, reporting is voluntary and uneven, and a term can be reported because of the illness being treated rather than the drug.

Does Minocycline have an FDA boxed warning?

No. The FDA label retrieved for Minocycline has no boxed warning; see the label's Warnings and Precautions for the recognised risks.

Do FAERS signals prove that Minocycline causes these side effects?

No. A disproportionality signal (PRR, ROR) means a reaction is reported more often with this drug than with others in the database. That can reflect a real effect, but also the disease being treated, stimulated reporting after news or litigation, co-medications, or how reports are coded. Causality needs temporality, dose-response, biological plausibility, consistency across data sources and, ideally, trial or cohort evidence. This page screens each term against the FDA label and ClinicalTrials.gov results; it does not establish causation.

Sources & methods

FDA label via openFDA (set ID cbffa96e-2446-43cf-ba5e-38c645302afd, effective 20240209; matched on openfda.generic_name.exact:"MINOCYCLINE")
Bayesian shrinkage measures computed offline over all 1,317,300 cached pairs: BCPNN information component (IC, with Norén closed-form IC025) and MGPS empirical-Bayes geometric mean (EBGM, EB05) with a two-component gamma prior fitted by maximum marginal likelihood (α₁=0.57, β₁=0.02, α₂=1.42, β₂=0.70, w=0.17); unstratified
FAERS pair statistics from the OpenPV build of 2026-09-14 (openFDA count= aggregation, field patient.drug.openfda.generic_name.exact, 411 reaction terms, min 3 co-reports); PRR/ROR with 95% CI, chi-square with Yates correction
Serious-only and stratified counts (serious:1, patient.patientsex, primarysource.qualification) from openFDA count queries; serious-only PRR uses the drug serious report total and the term global serious total (N_serious=11,882,979); strata shown only when n ≥ 20
Seriousness and sex counts from openFDA count=serious, patient.patientsex, seriousnessdeath
ClinicalTrials.gov API v2 (query MINOCYCLINE, results-bearing studies sorted by enrollment)

Page generated 2026-10-08. Label and PubChem text are retrieved automatically and may lag the current label; always check the current prescribing information. OpenPV is a beta research tool of the Open Source Medicine Foundation.