Sodium Bicarbonate side effects: what 23,109 FDA adverse event reports show
Drug class
Not stated in label
Label matched
Sodium Bicarbonate (Sodium Bicarbonate)
Who reports
23,109 reports · 86% serious · 4,266 with death outcome · 47% female
Used for
Sodium Bicarbonate Injection, USP is indicated in the treatment of metabolic acidosis which may occur in severe renal disease, uncontrolled diabetes, circulatory insufficiency due to shock or severe dehydration, extracorporeal circulation of blood, cardiac arrest and severe primary lactic acidosis.
What it is
DESCRIPTION: Sodium Bicarbonate Injection, USP is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, hypertonic solution of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) in water for injection for administration by the intravenous route as an electrolyte replenisher and systemic alkalizer. Solutions are offered in concentrations of 4.2% and 8.4%.
Boxed warning
None in the current label
Causality screen of the 40 strongest signals
What the badges mean
- Labeled adverse reaction The exact term appears in the label's warnings or adverse-reactions sections: a known, expected effect. The FAERS signal confirms the label rather than discovering anything.
- Likely indication confounding The term appears in the label's indications: reports probably describe the disease being treated (or its progression), not a drug effect. Classic confounding by indication.
- Reporting / coding artifact An administrative, monitoring or exposure term (product issue, off-label use, 'test normal', overdose...). Not a biological reaction; a high PRR here reflects how reports are coded.
- Lab value / disease marker A laboratory result, investigation or disease-activity marker (antibody positive, CRP abnormal, swollen joint count) not described in the label. These usually mirror the monitored disease or testing protocol rather than a drug effect; not screened further.
- Not in label — unassessed Not found in the label text, not an artifact pattern. This is a genuine candidate for a formal causality assessment (Bradford Hill / WHO-UMC); it has NOT had one here.
Strongest disproportionality signals
Flagged terms (PRR ≥ 2, χ² ≥ 4, n ≥ 10), ranked by PRR; infinite PRRs (no comparator reports) excluded. The EBGM column is a second, shrinkage-based estimate (MGPS) with its 5th percentile EB05 and the BCPNN IC025; a pair flagged by PRR alone is marked PRR-only and should be read as fragile. The strata column recomputes the PRR on serious reports only (and, for the 300 most-reported drugs, adjusted for age band), and flags pairs whose reports are unusually skewed by sex or come mostly from consumers. Each row also shows the PRR against the other drugs of the same FDA class, which removes most confounding by the condition being treated, and a calibrated p-value: on validation, known non-causes average an ROR of about 2, so significance is judged against that empirical null (✓ = p < 0.05 after calibration). 1,206 further terms are in the interactive explorer. Reaction links open the term's cross-drug page.
| Reaction | Reports | PRR 95% CI · ROR · χ²/p | EBGM EB05 · IC025 | Label screen | Serious-only & strata | Trial cross-check |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vascular anastomotic haemorrhage | 24 | 10,729.1 2,535.8–45,395.9ROR 10,740.2 · calibrated p 2e-16 ✓ | 497.1 EB05 351.6 · IC025 +4.9 3/3 methods agree | Not in label — unassessed | serious n=24 · ♀ 0% (drug 47%) | not reported in cached trials |
| Foetal biophysical profile score abnormal | 19 | 1,415.6 687.3–2,915.9ROR 1,416.8 · calibrated p 1e-15 ✓ | 353.2 EB05 239.0 · IC025 +4.4 3/3 methods agree | Lab value / disease marker | serious n=19 | not reported in cached trials |
| Central nervous system mass | 44 | 819.6 544.5–1,233.6ROR 821.1 · calibrated p 3e-15 ✓ | 360.8 EB05 279.9 · IC025 +5.7 3/3 methods agree | Not in label — unassessed | serious n=44 · ♀ 0% (drug 47%) | not reported in cached trials |
| Vaginal flatulence | 131 | 684.9 545.7–859.7ROR 688.8 · calibrated p 4e-15 ✓ | 367.4 EB05 317.5 · IC025 +7.0 3/3 methods agree | Not in label — unassessed | serious n=131 · ♀ 100% (drug 47%) | not reported in cached trials |
| Wall motion score index abnormal | 45 | 628.7 429.4–920.3ROR 629.9 · calibrated p 4e-14 ✓ | 319.3 EB05 248.4 · IC025 +5.7 3/3 methods agree | Lab value / disease marker | serious n=45 · ♀ 0% (drug 47%) | not reported in cached trials |
| Airway remodelling | 44 | 498.0 344.5–719.8ROR 498.9 · calibrated p 3e-13 ✓ | 281.1 EB05 218.0 · IC025 +5.6 3/3 methods agree | Not in label — unassessed | serious n=44 · ♀ 0% (drug 47%) | not reported in cached trials |
| Vena cava injury | 26 | 374.9 237.2–592.6ROR 375.4 · calibrated p 1e-11 ✓ | 221.5 EB05 158.9 · IC025 +4.8 3/3 methods agree | Not in label — unassessed | serious n=26 · ♀ 0% (drug 47%) | not reported in cached trials |
| Antacid therapy | 34 | 357.6 240.3–532.2ROR 358.2 · calibrated p 1e-11 ✓ | 223.7 EB05 167.4 · IC025 +5.2 3/3 methods agree | Reporting / coding artifact | serious n=34 · ♀ 0% (drug 47%) · 100% clinician | not reported in cached trials |
| Perineal cyst | 19 | 339.8 200.4–576.1ROR 340.0 · calibrated p 6e-11 ✓ | 197.7 EB05 133.8 · IC025 +4.3 3/3 methods agree | Not in label — unassessed | serious n=19 | not reported in cached trials |
| Sleep disorder therapy | 49 | 324.5 234.1–449.9ROR 325.2 · calibrated p 1e-11 ✓ | 218.2 EB05 171.5 · IC025 +5.7 3/3 methods agree | Reporting / coding artifact | serious n=49 · ♀ 0% (drug 47%) · 100% clinician | NCT01467466: 1/1,292 (0.1%) on Bicarbonate; 1/1,300 (0.1%) control (serious AE) |
| Appendicolith | 71 | 208.8 161.3–270.3ROR 209.5 · calibrated p 5e-10 ✓ | 162.1 EB05 132.9 · IC025 +5.9 3/3 methods agree | Not in label — unassessed | serious n=71 · ♀ 0% (drug 47%) · 94% clinician | not reported in cached trials |
| Sensitisation | 134 | 192.6 159.9–232.0ROR 193.7 · calibrated p 7e-10 ✓ | 155.2 EB05 134.4 · IC025 +6.4 3/3 methods agree | Not in label — unassessed | serious n=134 · ♀ 100% (drug 47%) | not reported in cached trials |
| Renal cyst haemorrhage | 38 | 189.8 133.8–269.3ROR 190.1 · calibrated p 2e-9 ✓ | 145.4 EB05 110.6 · IC025 +5.2 3/3 methods agree | Not in label — unassessed | serious n=38 · ♀ 0% (drug 47%) | not reported in cached trials |
| Ejection fraction | 101 | 189.7 153.1–235.1ROR 190.5 · calibrated p 9e-10 ✓ | 152.2 EB05 128.9 · IC025 +6.1 3/3 methods agree | Not in label — unassessed | serious n=101 · ♀ 100% (drug 47%) | NCT01467466: 1/1,291 (0.1%) on Bicarbonate (serious AE) |
| Atopy | 44 | 170.3 123.4–235.0ROR 170.6 · calibrated p 4e-9 ✓ | 134.9 EB05 104.7 · IC025 +5.3 3/3 methods agree | Not in label — unassessed | serious n=44 · ♀ 0% (drug 47%) | not reported in cached trials |
| Analgesic therapy | 46 | 160.0 117.0–219.0ROR 160.3 · calibrated p 6e-9 ✓ | 128.7 EB05 100.4 · IC025 +5.3 3/3 methods agree | Reporting / coding artifact | serious n=46 · ♀ 0% (drug 47%) · 100% clinician | not reported in cached trials |
| Drug therapy | 40 | 129.6 93.0–180.5ROR 129.8 · calibrated p 3e-8 ✓ | 107.6 EB05 82.4 · IC025 +5.0 3/3 methods agree | Reporting / coding artifact | serious n=40 · ♀ 0% (drug 47%) · 100% clinician | NCT01467466: 1/1,294 (0.1%) on Bicarbonate; 3/1,300 (0.2%) control (serious AE) |
| Anticoagulant therapy | 33 | 122.4 85.1–176.1ROR 122.6 · calibrated p 6e-8 ✓ | 101.6 EB05 75.7 · IC025 +4.8 3/3 methods agree | Reporting / coding artifact | serious n=33 · ♀ 0% (drug 47%) · 100% clinician | not reported in cached trials |
| Iron binding capacity total decreased | 26 | 121.7 80.8–183.3ROR 121.8 · calibrated p 8e-8 ✓ | 99.6 EB05 71.4 · IC025 +4.5 3/3 methods agree | Lab value / disease marker | serious n=26 | not reported in cached trials |
| Abdominal wall haemorrhage | 23 | 88.6 57.8–136.0ROR 88.7 · calibrated p 8e-7 ✓ | 75.8 EB05 53.2 · IC025 +4.2 3/3 methods agree | Not in label — unassessed | serious n=23 · ♀ 0% (drug 47%) | not reported in cached trials |
| Congenital hiatus hernia | 19 | 84.9 53.1–135.9ROR 85.0 · calibrated p 1e-6 ✓ | 72.2 EB05 48.9 · IC025 +3.9 3/3 methods agree | Not in label — unassessed | serious n=19 | not reported in cached trials |
| Polycystic ovaries | 132 | 83.2 69.6–99.4ROR 83.6 · calibrated p 5e-7 ✓ | 75.4 EB05 65.2 · IC025 +5.6 3/3 methods agree | Not in label — unassessed | serious n=132 · ♀ 100% (drug 47%) | not reported in cached trials |
| Female genital tract fistula | 141 | 80.9 68.1–96.1ROR 81.4 · calibrated p 6e-7 ✓ | 73.6 EB05 63.9 · IC025 +5.6 3/3 methods agree | Not in label — unassessed | serious n=141 · ♀ 100% (drug 47%) | not reported in cached trials |
| Nonreassuring foetal heart rate pattern | 18 | 79.3 49.0–128.4ROR 79.3 · calibrated p 2e-6 ✓ | 67.9 EB05 45.4 · IC025 +3.8 3/3 methods agree | Not in label — unassessed | serious n=18 | not reported in cached trials |
| Delayed graft function | 56 | 78.0 59.4–102.4ROR 78.2 · calibrated p 1e-6 ✓ | 70.2 EB05 56.1 · IC025 +5.0 3/3 methods agree | Not in label — unassessed | serious n=56 · ♀ 0% (drug 47%) | not reported in cached trials |
| Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm | 23 | 77.6 50.7–118.8ROR 77.7 · calibrated p 2e-6 ✓ | 67.6 EB05 47.5 · IC025 +4.1 3/3 methods agree | Not in label — unassessed | serious n=23 · ♀ 0% (drug 47%) | not reported in cached trials |
| Sars-cov-2 antibody test positive | 21 | 76.0 48.7–118.7ROR 76.1 · calibrated p 3e-6 ✓ | 66.1 EB05 45.6 · IC025 +4.0 3/3 methods agree | Lab value / disease marker | serious n=21 | not reported in cached trials |
| Hyperparathyroidism secondary | 192 | 74.4 64.3–86.2ROR 75.0 · calibrated p 1e-6 ✓ | 68.3 EB05 60.6 · IC025 +5.6 3/3 methods agree | Not in label — unassessed | serious n=190 | not reported in cached trials |
| Carbuncle | 21 | 72.8 46.7–113.5ROR 72.8 · calibrated p 3e-6 ✓ | 63.7 EB05 43.9 · IC025 +4.0 3/3 methods agree | Not in label — unassessed | serious n=21 · ♀ 100% (drug 47%) · 100% clinician | not reported in cached trials |
| Bacteroides infection | 19 | 71.7 44.9–114.4ROR 71.7 · calibrated p 4e-6 ✓ | 62.5 EB05 42.3 · IC025 +3.9 3/3 methods agree | Not in label — unassessed | serious n=19 | not reported in cached trials |
| Vascular compression | 22 | 69.0 44.7–106.5ROR 69.1 · calibrated p 4e-6 ✓ | 60.9 EB05 42.4 · IC025 +4.0 3/3 methods agree | Not in label — unassessed | serious n=22 · ♀ 0% (drug 47%) | not reported in cached trials |
| Eosinophilic myocarditis | 44 | 58.1 42.8–78.8ROR 58.2 · calibrated p 8e-6 ✓ | 53.4 EB05 41.4 · IC025 +4.6 3/3 methods agree | Not in label — unassessed | serious n=44 · ♀ 0% (drug 47%) | not reported in cached trials |
| Ejection fraction abnormal | 74 | 58.1 45.9–73.5ROR 58.3 · calibrated p 7e-6 ✓ | 53.9 EB05 44.3 · IC025 +4.9 3/3 methods agree | Lab value / disease marker | serious n=74 · ♀ 100% (drug 47%) | NCT01467466: 1/1,291 (0.1%) on Bicarbonate (serious AE) |
| Nephrogenic anaemia | 273 | 56.2 49.8–63.5ROR 56.9 · calibrated p 6e-6 ✓ | 52.8 EB05 47.7 · IC025 +5.4 3/3 methods agree | Likely indication confounding shares a disease stem with the indications wording | serious n=273 | not reported in cached trials |
| Cardiac septal defect | 42 | 55.8 40.9–76.2ROR 55.9 · calibrated p 1e-5 ✓ | 51.4 EB05 39.6 · IC025 +4.5 3/3 methods agree | Not in label — unassessed | serious n=42 · ♀ 0% (drug 47%) | not reported in cached trials |
| Chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder | 61 | 54.5 42.1–70.5ROR 54.6 · calibrated p 1e-5 ✓ | 50.6 EB05 40.8 · IC025 +4.8 3/3 methods agree | Not in label — unassessed | serious n=61 | not reported in cached trials |
| Radiculopathy | 144 | 52.4 44.3–61.9ROR 52.7 · calibrated p 1e-5 ✓ | 49.2 EB05 42.8 · IC025 +5.1 3/3 methods agree | Not in label — unassessed | serious n=144 · ♀ 100% (drug 47%) | not reported in cached trials |
| Chronic sinusitis | 201 | 51.4 44.6–59.2ROR 51.8 · calibrated p 1e-5 ✓ | 48.4 EB05 43.1 · IC025 +5.2 3/3 methods agree | Not in label — unassessed | serious n=201 · ♀ 79% (drug 47%) | not reported in cached trials |
| Hyperphosphataemia | 110 | 49.6 41.0–60.1ROR 49.9 · calibrated p 2e-5 ✓ | 46.7 EB05 39.8 · IC025 +5.0 3/3 methods agree | Not in label — unassessed | serious n=107 · ♀ 24% (drug 47%) | not reported in cached trials |
| Metabolic alkalosis | 77 | 46.0 36.6–57.8ROR 46.1 · calibrated p 3e-5 ✓ | 43.4 EB05 35.8 · IC025 +4.7 3/3 methods agree | Labeled adverse reaction exact term | serious n=77 · ♀ 76% (drug 47%) · 100% clinician | not reported in cached trials |
Trial evidence (ClinicalTrials.gov)
✓ Trial adverse-event data found on ClinicalTrials.gov
Largest completed trials with posted results that list Bicarbonate as a study intervention. The right-hand column of the signal table shows whether each FAERS term was also recorded in these trials, with a real denominator (4 of 40 signal terms matched).
- NCT01467466 — Prevention of Serious Adverse Events Following Angiography (N=5177, PHASE3; 747 AE terms posted; arms: IV isotonic saline & oral placebo; IV isotonic saline & oral N-acetylcystei; IV isotonic bicarbonate & oral placebo; IV isotonic bicarbonate & oral N-acetylc)
Caveats: trial populations, doses and follow-up differ from the reporting population; AE terms are sponsor-coded and matched here by wording; absence from a trial list means the term was not reported above the sponsor's frequency threshold, not that it cannot occur.
Most frequently reported reactions
By raw co-report count, regardless of disproportionality. Common terms here are often the illness itself or generic outcomes.
| Reaction | Reports | PRR 95% CI · ROR · χ²/p | EBGM EB05 · IC025 | Label screen | Serious-only & strata | Trial cross-check |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acute kidney injury (sudden kidney damage) | 1,696 | 10.2 9.7–10.7ROR 10.9 · calibrated p 0.024 ✓ | 10.1 EB05 9.7 · IC025 +3.3 3/3 methods agree | Not in label — unassessed | serious PRR 6.8 · 90% clinician | NCT01467466: 58/1,291 (4.5%) on Bicarbonate; 41/1,300 (3.2%) control (serious AE) |
| Off label use (used outside approved label) | 1,658 | 1.7 1.7–1.8ROR 1.8 · calibrated p 0.825 | 1.7 EB05 1.7 · IC025 +0.7 | Reporting / coding artifact | serious PRR 1.9 | not reported in cached trials |
| Drug ineffective (drug did not work) | 1,623 | 1.1 1.1–1.2ROR 1.1 · calibrated p 0.391 | 1.1 EB05 1.1 · IC025 +0.1 | Reporting / coding artifact | serious PRR 1.9 | not reported in cached trials |
| Diarrhoea (diarrhea) | 1,444 | 2.0 1.9–2.1ROR 2.1 · calibrated p 0.998 | 2.0 EB05 1.9 · IC025 +0.9 | Likely indication confounding term in indications | serious PRR 1.9 | NCT01467466: 2/1,291 (0.2%) on Bicarbonate; 1/1,300 (0.1%) control (serious AE) |
| Renal failure (kidney failure) | 1,374 | 9.4 8.9–9.9ROR 9.9 · calibrated p 0.033 ✓ | 9.3 EB05 8.9 · IC025 +3.1 3/3 methods agree | Labeled (related wording) related wording | serious PRR 6.3 | NCT01467466: 1/1,291 (0.1%) on Bicarbonate (serious AE) |
| Nausea | 1,182 | 1.4 1.3–1.4ROR 1.4 · calibrated p 0.561 | 1.4 EB05 1.3 · IC025 +0.3 | Not in label — unassessed | serious PRR 1.4 | NCT01467466: 1/1,300 (0.1%) control (serious AE) |
| Anaemia (low red blood cells) | 1,110 | 5.3 5.0–5.6ROR 5.5 · calibrated p 0.186 | 5.3 EB05 5.0 · IC025 +2.3 3/3 methods agree | Not in label — unassessed | serious PRR 3.8 | NCT01467466: 15/1,291 (1.2%) on Bicarbonate; 14/1,300 (1.1%) control (serious AE) |
| Death | 1,063 | 1.1 1.1–1.2ROR 1.1 · calibrated p 0.390 | 1.1 EB05 1.1 · IC025 +0.1 | Outcome field, not a reaction | serious PRR 0.8 | NCT01467466: 1/1,291 (0.1%) on Bicarbonate; 2/1,300 (0.2%) control (serious AE) |
| Dyspnoea (shortness of breath) | 1,029 | 1.7 1.6–1.8ROR 1.7 · calibrated p 0.758 | 1.6 EB05 1.6 · IC025 +0.6 | Not in label — unassessed | serious PRR 1.4 | NCT01467466: 3/1,291 (0.2%) on Bicarbonate; 4/1,294 (0.3%) control (serious AE) |
| Pain | 978 | 1.4 1.4–1.5ROR 1.5 · calibrated p 0.617 | 1.4 EB05 1.4 · IC025 +0.4 | Not in label — unassessed | serious PRR 1.4 | NCT01467466: 1/1,291 (0.1%) on Bicarbonate (serious AE) |
| Pyrexia (fever) | 968 | 2.5 2.4–2.7ROR 2.6 · calibrated p 0.769 | 2.5 EB05 2.4 · IC025 +1.2 3/3 methods agree | Not in label — unassessed | serious PRR 2.1 | NCT01467466: 1/1,291 (0.1%) on Bicarbonate; 2/1,294 (0.2%) control (serious AE) |
| Pneumonia (lung infection) | 965 | 2.7 2.6–2.9ROR 2.8 · calibrated p 0.700 | 2.7 EB05 2.6 · IC025 +1.3 3/3 methods agree | Not in label — unassessed | serious PRR 1.9 | NCT01467466: 1/1,300 (0.1%) control (serious AE) |
| Fatigue (tiredness) | 944 | 1.1 1.0–1.2ROR 1.1 · calibrated p 0.377 | 1.1 EB05 1.0 · IC025 +0.0 | Not in label — unassessed | serious PRR 1.0 | not reported in cached trials |
| Vomiting | 937 | 1.8 1.7–1.9ROR 1.8 · calibrated p 0.859 | 1.8 EB05 1.7 · IC025 +0.7 | Labeled adverse reaction exact term | serious PRR 1.6 | NCT01467466: 3/1,291 (0.2%) on Bicarbonate; 2/1,294 (0.2%) control (serious AE) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 868 | 10.4 9.7–11.1ROR 10.7 · calibrated p 0.025 ✓ | 10.3 EB05 9.7 · IC025 +3.2 3/3 methods agree | Not in label — unassessed | serious PRR 7.0 | NCT01467466: 3/1,291 (0.2%) on Bicarbonate; 4/1,300 (0.3%) control (serious AE) |
Unlabeled candidate signals
These flagged terms were not found in the FDA label text and do not match an artifact pattern. They are the pairs that would merit a structured assessment (temporality, dose-response, biological plausibility, consistency across databases, trial or cohort evidence). The screen has not done that; string-matching misses label wording, and a strong PRR can still be stimulated reporting, co-medication, or the disease itself.
- Vascular anastomotic haemorrhage — n=24, PRR 10,729.1
- Central nervous system mass — n=44, PRR 819.6
- Vaginal flatulence — n=131, PRR 684.9
- Airway remodelling — n=44, PRR 498.0
- Vena cava injury — n=26, PRR 374.9
- Appendicolith — n=71, PRR 208.8
- Sensitisation — n=134, PRR 192.6
- Renal cyst haemorrhage — n=38, PRR 189.8
- Ejection fraction — n=101, PRR 189.7 (also seen in trial arm)
- Atopy — n=44, PRR 170.3
✓ A hand-written Bradford Hill causality assessment exists for this drug: Methotrexate Sodium ↔ Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Want to assess one of these properly? The runbook describes the Bradford Hill / trial-evidence workflow used on the assessment page, and handoff_top1000_signals.csv lists the strongest unassessed pairs across all drugs.
Common questions
What are the most reported side effects of Bicarbonate?
In FDA FAERS, the most frequently co-reported reaction terms for Bicarbonate are acute kidney injury, diarrhoea, renal failure, nausea, anaemia, dyspnoea. These are report counts, not rates: FAERS has no denominator, reporting is voluntary and uneven, and a term can be reported because of the illness being treated rather than the drug.
Does Bicarbonate have an FDA boxed warning?
No. The FDA label retrieved for Bicarbonate has no boxed warning; see the label's Warnings and Precautions for the recognised risks.
Do FAERS signals prove that Bicarbonate causes these side effects?
No. A disproportionality signal (PRR, ROR) means a reaction is reported more often with this drug than with others in the database. That can reflect a real effect, but also the disease being treated, stimulated reporting after news or litigation, co-medications, or how reports are coded. Causality needs temporality, dose-response, biological plausibility, consistency across data sources and, ideally, trial or cohort evidence. This page screens each term against the FDA label and ClinicalTrials.gov results; it does not establish causation.
Sources & methods
- FDA label via openFDA (set ID 0ab55004-bb63-436d-ad77-cd3796905370, effective 20250923; matched on
openfda.generic_name.exact:"SODIUM BICARBONATE") - Bayesian shrinkage measures computed offline over all 1,317,300 cached pairs: BCPNN information component (IC, with Norén closed-form IC025) and MGPS empirical-Bayes geometric mean (EBGM, EB05) with a two-component gamma prior fitted by maximum marginal likelihood (α₁=0.57, β₁=0.02, α₂=1.42, β₂=0.70, w=0.17); unstratified
- FAERS pair statistics from the OpenPV build of 2026-09-14 (openFDA
count=aggregation, fieldpatient.drug.openfda.generic_name.exact, 1,246 reaction terms, min 3 co-reports); PRR/ROR with 95% CI, chi-square with Yates correction - Serious-only and stratified counts (serious:1, patient.patientsex, primarysource.qualification) from openFDA count queries; serious-only PRR uses the drug serious report total and the term global serious total (N_serious=11,882,979); strata shown only when n ≥ 20
- Seriousness and sex counts from openFDA
count=serious,patient.patientsex,seriousnessdeath - ClinicalTrials.gov API v2 (query
BICARBONATE, results-bearing studies sorted by enrollment)
Page generated 2026-10-14. Label and PubChem text are retrieved automatically and may lag the current label; always check the current prescribing information. OpenPV is a beta research tool of the Open Source Medicine Foundation.