At a glance
| Abbreviation | FLUBV |
|---|---|
| ICTV species | Betainfluenzavirus influenzae |
| Family | Orthomyxoviridae |
| Baltimore class | V — (−)ssRNA |
| Human infection | Human infection recorded; pattern not classified |
Also called: Betainfluenzavirus influenzae
Riboviria › Negarnaviricota › Insthoviricetes › Articulavirales › Orthomyxoviridae › Betainfluenzavirus
What it is
Taxonomy copied from ICTV MSL41.v1 / VMR_MSL41.v1.20260729.xlsx. These ranks are not hand-edited; a correction means re-running the fetch against a newer release.
| Realm | Riboviria |
|---|---|
| Kingdom | Orthornavirae |
| Phylum | Negarnaviricota |
| Class | Insthoviricetes |
| Order | Articulavirales |
| Family | Orthomyxoviridae |
| Genus | Betainfluenzavirus |
| ICTV identifier | ICTV19710224 |
| NCBI taxon | 2955465 |
| Exemplar isolate | RNA1: M14880; RNA2: AF101982; RNA3: AF102017; RNA4: K00423; RNA5: K01395; RNA6: J02095; RNA7: J02094; RNA8: J02096 |
| Genome | Segmented, 8 segments |
Host evidence
- human: 192,515 GenBank records
- dog: 34 GenBank records (flagged for review)
Counts of nucleotide records annotated with that host. Evidence of provenance, not a statement of host range.
Where it occurs
Not searched yet. No country-level occurrence data has been curated for this virus. The WHO reported-case data on this site covers a limited set of diseases; a virus outside it gets no map rather than an empty one.
What it does
37
disease-burden figures
9
post-infectious sequelae figures
105
effectiveness estimates
13
randomised trial
42
pooled or expert review
50
controlled observational
Deaths per year 2018
15 300 annual number of in-hospital deaths (uncertainty range)
children under 5 years, global per hospitalised case
quote
FINDINGS: In 2018, among children under 5 years globally, there were an estimated 109·5 million influenza virus episodes (uncertainty range [UR] 63·1-190·6), 10·1 million influenza-virus-associated ALRI cases (6·8-15·1); 870 000 influenza-virus-associated ALRI hospital admissions (543 000-1 415 000), 15 300 in-hospital deaths (5800-43 800), and up to 34 800 (13 200-97 200) overall influenza-virus-associated ALRI deaths.
Wang X 2020 Lancet Glob Health
Case-fatality April 2009 to January 2010
2.9 confirmed-case CFR (%)
all ages (weighted mean age of confirmed cases 18.1 years), multiple per case
quote
The confirmed case fatality ratio was 2·9% (95% CI 0·0-6·7%), an extracted average from 12 of 42 studies reporting fatal cases (937 fatal cases among 31,980 confirmed cases), which gives an overall estimated infected case fatality ratio of 0·02%.
Khandaker G 2011 Influenza Other Respir Viruses
Incidence 2010-2016
0.15 average annual incidence per 100,000 children
children younger than 18 years, United States per population
quote
The average annual incidence was 0.15 per 100 000 children (95% confidence interval: 0.14-0.16) and was highest among children aged <6 months (incidence: 0.66; 95% confidence interval: 0.53-0.82), followed by children aged 6-23 months (incidence: 0.33; 95% confidence interval: 0.27-0.39).
Shang M 2018 Pediatrics
Lowest and highest vaccine effectiveness reported: -74% (Kissling E 2019 Euro Surveill; Medically attended laboratory-confirmed influenza A(H3N2) clade 3C.3a in 15-64-year-olds, 15-64 years) to 85.6% (Nunes MC 2016 JAMA Pediatr; PCR-confirmed influenza illness in infants aged 8 weeks or younger, infants 8 weeks of age or younger). Two of 71 estimates, each from its own study; not a summary figure.
- Pooled or expert review
- Controlled observational
What can follow the illness
First-ever acute myocardial infarction or stroke after influenza infection
3.5 incidence rate ratio, risk period vs baseline, calendar-month adjusted
median 75 years (IQR 66-82), Denmark; vs baseline periods in the same individuals
quote
After calendar-month adjustment, the IRR for cardiovascular events during the risk period was 3.5 (95% CI: 2.6-4.7), higher for AMI (IRR = 4.7; 95% CI: 3.1-7.4) than stroke (IRR = 2.9; 95% CI: 2.0-4.2).
Croci R 2026 Euro Surveill
First-ever acute myocardial infarction after influenza infection
4.7 incidence rate ratio, risk period vs baseline
median 75 years, Denmark; vs baseline periods in the same individuals
quote
After calendar-month adjustment, the IRR for cardiovascular events during the risk period was 3.5 (95% CI: 2.6-4.7), higher for AMI (IRR = 4.7; 95% CI: 3.1-7.4) than stroke (IRR = 2.9; 95% CI: 2.0-4.2).
Croci R 2026 Euro Surveill
First-ever stroke after influenza infection
2.9 incidence rate ratio, risk period vs baseline
median 75 years, Denmark; vs baseline periods in the same individuals
quote
After calendar-month adjustment, the IRR for cardiovascular events during the risk period was 3.5 (95% CI: 2.6-4.7), higher for AMI (IRR = 4.7; 95% CI: 3.1-7.4) than stroke (IRR = 2.9; 95% CI: 2.0-4.2).
Croci R 2026 Euro Surveill
When problems appear: after the infection, and after the vaccine
Two separate clocks on the same logarithmic scale. The first starts at the infection and shows when its sequelae are described as beginning; the second starts at the dose and shows when the vaccine's adverse events are described as beginning. Each bar is one source's printed window, not a synthesis; hover for the source.
- Clinical description: when it is observed to begin
- Study risk window: when events were counted, not typical onset
- Clinical description: when it is observed to begin
- Compensation-table interval
- Study risk window: when events were counted, not typical onset
Disease risk and vaccine efficacy: every estimate with its population, design and the sentence it came from.
Each figure is the one its source printed, with the sentence it came from. Nothing is recomputed, averaged or converted.
Burden
| Measure | As the source states it | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Annual Deaths | 290 000 to 650 000 respiratory deaths annuallyglobal | quoteIt causes 290 000 to 650 000 respiratory deaths annually. Influenza (seasonal) fact sheet · source · verified 2026-10-30 |
More, with study designs and vaccine efficacy: disease-risk page.
Vaccines
| Name | Developer | Platform | Use | Stage | Jurisdictions | Trials | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Influenza A (H5N1) Monovalent Vaccine, Adjuvanted | See FDA listing | Not searched yet | Routine immunisation | Approved | US: approved | — | candidateId fda-influenza-a-h5n1-monovalent-vaccine-adjuvanted (target |
| Influenza Vaccine | See FDA listing | Not searched yet | Routine immunisation | Approved | US: approved | — | candidateId fda-influenza-vaccine (targetDisease 'Influenza'); stage c |
| Influenza Vaccine (Quadrivalent) | See FDA listing | Not searched yet | Routine immunisation | Approved | US: approved | — | candidateId fda-influenza-vaccine-quadrivalent (targetDisease 'Influen |
| Influenza Vaccine (Trivalent) | See FDA listing | Not searched yet | Routine immunisation | Approved | US: approved | — | candidateId fda-influenza-vaccine-trivalent (targetDisease 'Influenza' |
| Influenza Vaccine, Adjuvanted | See FDA listing | Not searched yet | Routine immunisation | Approved | US: approved | — | candidateId fda-influenza-vaccine-adjuvanted (targetDisease 'Influenza |
| Influenza Virus Vaccine (Trivalent, Types A and B) | See FDA listing | Not searched yet | Routine immunisation | Approved | US: approved | — | candidateId fda-influenza-virus-vaccine-trivalent-types-a-and-b (targe |
| MFLUSIVA Influenza Vaccine, mRNA | ModernaTX, Inc. 325 Binney Street Cambridge, MA 02142 Lic. # 2256 | Not searched yet | Routine immunisation | Approved | US: approved | — | candidateId fda-mflusiva-influenza-vaccine-mrna (targetDisease 'Influe |
In development
| Name | Developer | Platform | Use | Stage | Jurisdictions | Trials | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mRNA-1010 | Moderna | mrna | Routine immunisation | Filed with a regulator | US: submitted (company estimate) EU: submitted (company estimate) Canada: submitted (company estimate) Australia: submitted (company estimate) | — | candidateId mrna-1010 (targetDisease 'Seasonal influenza'); stage copi |
| mRNA-1083 (Moderna Combined Influenza + COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine) | Moderna | mrna | Routine immunisation | Filed with a regulator | US: under review EU: under review (company estimate) Canada: not submitted (company estimate) Australia: not submitted (company estimate) | — | candidateId mrna-1083 (targetDisease 'Seasonal influenza + COVID-19 (c |
| Anflu® | Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd | inactivated whole | Routine immunisation | Phase 3 | Not searched yet | NCT07832201 | candidateId ctgov-anflu-sinovac-biotech-co-ltd (targetDisease 'Influen |
| Comparator 1 | GlaxoSmithKline | Not searched yet | Routine immunisation | Phase 3 | Not searched yet | NCT07851246 | candidateId ctgov-mrna-seasonal-flu-vaccine-glaxosmithkline (targetDis |
| COVID-Influenza Combination (CIC) — Novavax | Novavax | Not searched yet | Routine immunisation | Phase 3 | Not searched yet | — | candidateId novavax-flu-covid (targetDisease 'Seasonal influenza + COV |
| FluMist | Washington University School of Medicine | Not searched yet | Routine immunisation | Phase 3 | Not searched yet | NCT07177417 | candidateId ctgov-flumist-washington-university-school-of-medicine (ta |
| H5N1 vaccine (Arepanrix, GSK) | University Health Network, Toronto | Not searched yet | Routine immunisation | Phase 3 | Not searched yet | NCT07240558 | candidateId ctgov-h5n1-vaccine-arepanrix-gsk-university-health-network |
| Influenza + COVID combination candidates (Pfizer/BioNTech family) | Pfizer / BioNTech | mrna | Routine immunisation | Phase 3 | Not searched yet | — | candidateId pfizer-dual-flu-covid (targetDisease 'Seasonal influenza + |
| Influenza vaccination | Wroclaw Medical University | Not searched yet | Routine immunisation | Phase 3 | Not searched yet | NCT06725927 NCT07617376 | candidateId ctgov-influenza-vaccination-wroclaw-medical-university (ta |
| LAIV nasal vaccine is chosen as a model viral infection | University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill | Not searched yet | Routine immunisation | Phase 3 | Not searched yet | NCT06841913 | candidateId ctgov-laiv-nasal-vaccine-is-chosen-as-a-model-viral-infect |
| mRNA-1018-H5 | ModernaTX, Inc. | mrna | Routine immunisation | Phase 3 | Not searched yet | NCT07496450 | candidateId ctgov-mrna-1018-h5-modernatx-inc (targetDisease 'Influenza |
| Seasonal influenza vaccine | University of Pennsylvania | Not searched yet | Routine immunisation | Phase 3 | Not searched yet | NCT05108818 | candidateId ctgov-seasonal-influenza-vaccine-university-of-pennsylvani |
| Sinovac QIV (Influenza Vaccine, Split Virion, Inactivated, Quadrivalent) | Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd | inactivated whole | Routine immunisation | Phase 3 | Not searched yet | NCT07211152 | candidateId ctgov-participants-will-receive-one-dose-of-vaccine-0-5-ml |
| Vaxigrip Tetra Sanofi Pasteur Europe | Aarhus University Hospital | Not searched yet | Routine immunisation | Phase 3 | Not searched yet | NCT05585983 | candidateId ctgov-vaxigrip-tetra-sanofi-pasteur-europe-aarhus-universi |
| AZD4117 | AstraZeneca | Not searched yet | Routine immunisation | Phase 2 | Not searched yet | NCT07128615 | candidateId ctgov-azd4117-astrazeneca (targetDisease 'Influenza'); sta |
| Flu H5 egg pandemic low dose vaccine, with adjuvant | Sanofi | Not searched yet | Routine immunisation | Phase 2 | Not searched yet | NCT07779408 | candidateId ctgov-flu-h5-egg-pandemic-low-dose-vaccine-with-adjuvant-s |
| Flu mRNA(Formulation A) | GlaxoSmithKline | mrna | Routine immunisation | Phase 2 | Not searched yet | NCT07204964 | candidateId ctgov-flu-mrna-formulation-b1-glaxosmithkline (targetDisea |
| HEXASIIL | Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd. | Not searched yet | Routine immunisation | Phase 2 | Not searched yet | NCT07855172 | candidateId ctgov-hexavalent-dtwp-hepb-rpv-hib-vaccine-serum-institute |
| Pandemic flu H5 HA mRNA SD2 vaccine | Sanofi | mrna | Routine immunisation | Phase 2 | Not searched yet | NCT06907511 | candidateId ctgov-pandemic-flu-h5-ha-mrna-sd2-vaccine-sanofi (targetDi |
| Pfizer mRNA influenza vaccine candidates (#1-#6, unnamed) | Pfizer | mrna | Routine immunisation | Phase 2 | Not searched yet | NCT07431853 | candidateId ctgov-vaccine-candidate-1-pfizer (targetDisease 'Influenza |
| Egg-based Trivalent Split Influenza Virus Vaccine (eTIV) | Sinovac Biotech Co., Ltd | inactivated whole | Routine immunisation | Phase 1 | Not searched yet | NCT07889193 | candidateId ctgov-cell-based-trivalent-split-influenza-virus-vaccine-c |
| H5 Flu IMP 2 | Sanofi | Not searched yet | Routine immunisation | Phase 1 | Not searched yet | NCT07516418 | candidateId ctgov-h5-flu-investigational-medical-product-imp-1-sanofi |
| Haemophilus Influenzae Type b Conjugate Vaccine | CanSino Biologics Inc. | Not searched yet | Routine immunisation | Phase 1 | Not searched yet | NCT06621654 | candidateId ctgov-lyophilized-haemophilus-influenzae-type-b-conjugate- |
| Diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, Hib vaccine | GlaxoSmithKline | Not searched yet | Routine immunisation | Discontinued | Not searched yet | NCT00316680 | candidateId ctgov-diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-hepatitis-b-hib-vaccine |
| GSK Bio's influenza vaccine GSK2584786A, different formulations | GlaxoSmithKline | Not searched yet | Routine immunisation | Discontinued | Not searched yet | NCT01195779 | candidateId ctgov-gsk-bio-s-influenza-vaccine-gsk2584786a-different-fo |
| GSK Biologicals' investigational H1N1 Influenza Vaccine - GSK2340274A | GlaxoSmithKline | Not searched yet | Routine immunisation | Discontinued | Not searched yet | NCT01008956 | candidateId ctgov-gsk-biologicals-investigational-h1n1-influenza-vacci |
| GSK influenza virus H5N1 vaccine 1557484A | GlaxoSmithKline | Not searched yet | Routine immunisation | Discontinued | Not searched yet | NCT01045564 | candidateId ctgov-gsk-influenza-virus-h5n1-vaccine-1557484a-glaxosmith |
| GSK pandemic vaccine GSK2340272A | GlaxoSmithKline | Not searched yet | Routine immunisation | Discontinued | Not searched yet | NCT01014091 | candidateId ctgov-gsk-pandemic-vaccine-gsk2340272a-glaxosmithkline (ta |
| GSK's candidate influenza vaccine 1562902A | GlaxoSmithKline | Not searched yet | Routine immunisation | Discontinued | Not searched yet | NCT00866580 | candidateId ctgov-gsk-s-candidate-influenza-vaccine-1562902a-glaxosmit |
| GSK2202083A vaccine | GlaxoSmithKline | Not searched yet | Routine immunisation | Discontinued | Not searched yet | NCT00871741 | candidateId ctgov-gsk2202083a-vaccine-glaxosmithkline (targetDisease ' |
| GSK2231395A | GlaxoSmithKline | Not searched yet | Routine immunisation | Discontinued | Not searched yet | NCT00849069 | candidateId ctgov-gsk2231395a-glaxosmithkline (targetDisease 'Influenz |
| GSK2340272A GSK Biologicals' investigational influenza pandemic vaccine | GlaxoSmithKline | Not searched yet | Routine immunisation | Discontinued | Not searched yet | NCT01003418 | candidateId ctgov-gsk2340272a-gsk-biologicals-investigational-influenz |
| Infanrix-IPV/Hib | GlaxoSmithKline | Not searched yet | Routine immunisation | Discontinued | Not searched yet | NCT03128489 | candidateId ctgov-infanrix-ipv-hib-glaxosmithkline (targetDisease 'Inf |
| influenza surface antigen inactivated vaccine | Novartis | inactivated whole | Routine immunisation | Discontinued | Not searched yet | NCT00342940 | candidateId ctgov-influenza-surface-antigen-inactivated-vaccine-novart |
| Investigational H7N9 vaccine GSK3277510A | GlaxoSmithKline | Not searched yet | Routine immunisation | Discontinued | Not searched yet | NCT02177734 | candidateId ctgov-investigational-h7n9-vaccine-gsk3277510a-glaxosmithk |
| NanoFlu (Quad-NIV, Matrix-M) | Novavax | Not searched yet | Routine immunisation | Discontinued | Not searched yet | NCT03658629 | candidateId ctgov-nanoflu-quad-niv-novavax (targetDisease 'Influenza') |
| PandemrixTM | GlaxoSmithKline | Not searched yet | Routine immunisation | Discontinued | Not searched yet | NCT01160237 | candidateId ctgov-pandemrixtm-glaxosmithkline (targetDisease 'Influenz |
| Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine (split virion, inactivated) High-Dose (QIV-HD) | Sanofi Pasteur, a Sanofi Company | inactivated whole | Routine immunisation | Discontinued | Not searched yet | NCT04137887 | candidateId ctgov-quadrivalent-influenza-vaccine-split-virion-inactiva |
| Quadrivalent influenza vaccine, high-dose | Sanofi Pasteur, a Sanofi Company | Not searched yet | Routine immunisation | Discontinued | Not searched yet | NCT04544267 | candidateId ctgov-quadrivalent-influenza-vaccine-high-dose-sanofi-past |
| Recombinant influenza vaccine (RIV4) | Sanofi Pasteur, a Sanofi Company | Not searched yet | Routine immunisation | Discontinued | Not searched yet | NCT05513391 | candidateId ctgov-recombinant-influenza-vaccine-riv4-sanofi-pasteur-a- |
| Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine | Sanofi | inactivated whole | Routine immunisation | Discontinued | Not searched yet | NCT00976027 | candidateId ctgov-trivalent-inactivated-influenza-vaccine-high-dose-sa |
| Vaccine Sanofi A(H1N1) 7.5 ug | Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Mexico | Not searched yet | Routine immunisation | Discontinued | Not searched yet | NCT00989274 | candidateId ctgov-vaccine-sanofi-a-h1n1-15-ug-trivalent-instituto-naci |
Antivirals
| Name | Mechanism | Use | Stage | Jurisdictions | Trials | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZanamivirRELENZA | Neuraminidase inhibitor | Treatment | Approved | US: approved | — | quote1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE RELENZA, an influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI), is indicated for: Treatment of acute, uncomplicated influenza type A and B infections in patients aged 7 years and older who have been symptomatic for no more than 2 days. Neuraminidase Inhibitor [EPC]; SPL id 571ce280-f506-436c-b378-d570cceae236 · verified 2026-10-30 |
Antibodies and immune globulins
Not searched yet. No US-approved antiviral antibody for this virus was found in the openFDA drug label endpoint.
Approval status is not a treatment recommendation. Dosing and eligibility are on the label and in national guidelines. This page does not give medical advice and does not render dosing. A development stage is not a measure of how well something works.
Related on this site
- Disease risk and vaccine efficacy — burden figures and trial results, each quoted from its source
- Influenza vaccine — ingredients, schedule and reported side effects
- Vaccine pipeline — candidates listed under “Influenza”
- Other Orthomyxoviridae viruses
- Veterinary vaccines for this virus — animals, kept separate on purpose