Taxonomy copied from ICTV MSL41.v1 / VMR_MSL41.v1.20260729.xlsx. These ranks are not
hand-edited; a correction means re-running the fetch against a newer release.
Counts of nucleotide records annotated with that host. Evidence of provenance, not a statement of host range.
Where it occurs
01–1011–100101–1,0001,001–10,000over 10,000not in the reporting set
Cases of Polio (paralytic) reported to WHO by national authorities, latest year 2025. Reported cases undercount true infections, and a zero can mean elimination or simply that nobody reported — each country page carries a data-quality grade saying which. This is occurrence as reported, not a modelled distribution.
What it does
50
disease-burden figures
10
post-infectious sequelae figures
59
effectiveness estimates
12
vaccine adverse-event figures
11
randomised trial
13
pooled or expert review
33
controlled observational
2
surveillance, ecological, modelling
Case-fatality 1935-1944 (pre-vaccine era)
13.9 CFR (%)
all ages, Sweden per case
quote
Chronologic Trends in the Poliomyelitis Case-Fatality Rate in Sweden, 1905–1944 a 1905 | 1911–1913 | 1925–1934 | 1935–1944 | No. of paralytic cases | 868 | 6,775 | 4,156 | 11,455 | No. of deaths | 145 | 1,239 | 624 | 1,594 | Case-fatality rate, % | 16.7 | 18.3 | 15.0 | 13.9 | a Data were obtained from Olin ( 42 ).
surveillance
Cases per year pre-vaccine era vs 2000
600,000 estimated paralytic cases per year (count)
all ages, global count per year
quote
Global expansion of polio immunization resulted in a reduction of paralytic disease from an estimated annual prevaccine level of at least 600,000 cases to fewer than 1,000 cases in 2000.
expert body
Incidence 1988-1989
87 incidence per 100,000
children younger than 2 years, Oman per population
quote
Incidence of paralytic disease was highest in children younger than 2 years (87/100,000) despite an immunisation programme that recently had raised coverage with 3 doses of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) among 12-month-old children from 67% to 87%.
Sutter RW 1991 Lancet
Lowest and highest vaccine effectiveness reported:-23%(Cooper LV 2024 Lancet Infect Dis; cVDPV2 paralytic poliomyelitis, children younger than 60 months) to 95%(Mahamud A 2014 J Infect Dis; Paralytic poliomyelitis (WPV1 outbreak), children). Two of 32 estimates, each from its own study; not a summary figure.
Controlled observational
Vaccine effectiveness against invasive or defining disease 32
What can follow the illness
Post-polio syndrome
61.6 prevalence among polio survivors (%)
mean 51.2 years, Republic of Korea
quote
A total of 188 out of 313 polio survivors met the adopted criteria for PPS based on the symptoms, yielding a prevalence of 61.6%.
Bang H 2014 Ann Rehabil Med
Late onset neuromuscular symptoms following poliomyelitis (LSP)
45.5 proportion of respondents with LSP (%)
adult survivors of the 1956 epidemic, Netherlands; vs respondents without LSP (for perceived health); no uninfected controls for the proportion
quote
The perceived health of respondents with LSP (45.5%) was significantly worse than that of respondents without LSP for all the health profile categories.
Nollet F 2002 J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry
Late-onset polio sequelae (new neuromuscular symptoms, disability, handicap)
60 proportion of survivors with late-onset sequelae (%)
mean 44 years (range 39 to 77), Netherlands
quote
CONCLUSION: Nearly 60% of a sample of Dutch survivors of the 1956 polio outbreak experience late onset polio sequelae, resulting in increased severity of disabilities and handicaps.
Ivanyi B 1999 Arch Phys Med Rehabil
When problems appear: after the infection, and after the vaccine
Two separate clocks on the same logarithmic scale. The first starts at the infection and shows when its sequelae are described as beginning; the second starts at the dose and shows when the vaccine's adverse events are described as beginning. Each bar is one source's printed window, not a synthesis; hover for the source.
After the infection: post-infectious syndromes 3
Clinical description: when it is observed to begin
Case definition: a time criterion built into the diagnosis
After vaccination: adverse events 7
Clinical description: when it is observed to begin
Case definition: a time criterion built into the diagnosis
Compensation-table interval
Study risk window: when events were counted, not typical onset
Not searched yet. No US-approved antiviral for this virus was found in the openFDA drug label endpoint. Only US labels were searched, and only drugs the FDA classes as antivirals.
Antibodies and immune globulins
Not searched yet. No US-approved antiviral antibody for this virus was found in the openFDA drug label endpoint.
Approval status is not a treatment recommendation. Dosing and eligibility are
on the label and in national guidelines. This page does not give medical advice and does not
render dosing. A development stage is not a measure of how well something works.
Cite this page. Enterovirus C (including poliovirus 1-3). Vaccine Data Navigator, Open Source Medicine Foundation. Built 9 November 2026 from the ICTV Virus Metadata Resource (MSL41) and NCBI Taxonomy/GenBank. https://vaccinedatanavigator.org/virus-navigator/viruses/enterovirus-c.html