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Expected pharmacological effect
Causality assessment · Expected pharmacological effect
Tramadol Hydrochloride and Dependence: is the FAERS signal real?
A written Bradford Hill assessment of one drug–event pair. The grade is a judgement about the signal, not a statement that this drug causes this event in any one person; FAERS counts are reports, not rates.
Tramadol Hydrochloride ↔ Dependence
n=7,827 co-reports · PRR 91.9 · ROR 116.0
Fluticasone, salmeterol (Advair) is an inhaled corticosteroid/LABA for asthma. Co-reporting of asthma as a reaction is a coding artifact: patients on Advair for asthma have the indication recorded as the AE. 3,947 co-reports (PRR 3.4).
Coding artifact: asthma is the indication.
| Bradford Hill viewpoint | Status | Note |
|---|---|---|
| Temporality (necessary) | not established | Indication artifact |
| Strength | not established | PRR reflects treated population |
| Consistency | not established | Not reproduced |
| Specificity | not established | Not specific |
| Biological gradient | not established | No gradient |
| Plausibility | not established | No mechanism |
| Coherence | not established | Artifact |
| Experiment | not established | Not an endpoint |
| Analogy | not established | N/A |
This table is this page's own qualitative read of the literature cited above, not an automated or citation-gated assessment — see the note at the bottom of this page.
✗ No ClinicalTrials.gov results-posting trial in the top search hits for Tramadol captured dependence as a tracked adverse event in a usable structure. Asthma is the indication; trials do not track it as an AE.