Reaction

Spinal Operation reporting signals

Last recalculated 2026-09-14T18:28:35.993900+00:00 · 11,947 reports · 1,002 co-occurring drugs

As of the last recalculation, Spinal Operation appears in 11,947 FAERS reports alongside 1,002 co-occurring drug terms. The strongest observed disproportionality signal is PROMETHAZINE HYDROCHLORIDE AND CODEINE PHOSPHATE (PRR 37.7).

Important: FAERS is a spontaneous, voluntary, unverified reporting system. PRR and ROR identify reporting patterns for investigation; they are not incidence rates and do not establish causation.
DrugCo-reportsPRRROR
Promethazine Hydrochloride And Codeine Phosphate7737.738.5
Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Pseudoephedrine Hcl428.328.7
Upadacitinib1,04724.424.7
Penciclovir419.319.5
Atropine Injection, 2 Mg1618.718.9
Atropine Sulfate Injection Usp, 0.5 Mg/0.7 Ml1618.718.9
Atropine Sulfate Injection Usp, 1 Mg/0.7 Ml1618.718.9
Midazolam Injection, 10 Mg1618.718.9
N/A1618.718.9
Risankizumab-Rzaa65114.614.7
Carbidopa, Levodopa And Entacapone414.314.4
Carbidopa, Levodopa, And Entacapone414.314.4
Vutrisiran2013.713.8
Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, And Sodium Oxybates6713.613.7
Oxymorphone Hydrochloride7911.911.9
Methocarbamol Tablets11011.511.6
Alendronate Sodium And Cholecalciferol1811.311.4
Tesamorelin1010.911.0
Atogepant3910.310.4
Methocarbamol13110.210.2
Rozanolixizumab610.110.2
Adalimumab-Ryvk59.59.5
Frovatriptan Succinate49.09.0
Elosulfase Alfa278.78.7
Galsulfase198.68.7
Pitolisant Hydrochloride108.48.4
Solriamfetol188.38.3
Lidocaine Patch 5%368.18.1
Efgartigimod Alfa188.08.1
Lidocaine 4% Maximum Strength 24 Hr228.08.0
Lidocaine Patch228.08.0
Mefenamic Acid107.98.0
Zafirlukast47.97.9
Ropinirole Hydrochloride167.87.9
Ubrogepant277.87.8
Phenobarbital, Hyoscyamine Sulfate, Atropine Sulfate, Scopolamine Hydrobromide47.67.6
Standardized Senna Concentrate And Docusate Sodium67.57.6
Metaxalone147.37.3
Dextroamphetamine Sulfate177.37.3
Chlordiazepoxide Hydrochloride And Clidinium Bromide87.27.2
Plecanatide86.97.0
Sodium Oxybate2546.86.9
Cyclobenzaprine Hydrochloride356.86.8
Naloxone Hydrochloride Nasal156.86.8
Oxycodone And Acetaminophen Tablets456.66.6
Naloxegol Oxalate146.26.2
Esketamine Hydrochloride626.16.1
Methenamine Hippurate45.75.7
Tizanidine785.75.7
Rotigotine475.75.7
Tizanidine Hydrochloride575.55.5
Naloxone Hydrochloride155.55.5
Tofacitinib5565.55.5
Romosozumab-Aqqg425.45.4
Pancrelipase1185.45.4
Prucalopride75.35.3
Abaloparatide895.35.3
Cyclobenzaprine1505.35.3
Rasagiline105.15.1
Laronidase125.15.1
Lidocaine And Prilocaine45.05.0
Modafinil925.05.0
Patisiran84.94.9
Butalbital, Acetaminophen And Caffeine54.94.9
Carbidopa Levodopa104.94.9
Armodafinil594.94.9
Ranolazine294.94.9
Butalbital, Acetaminophen, And Caffeine Capsules54.84.9
Nortriptyline Hydrochloride164.84.8
Tramadol Hydrochloride1034.84.8
Carisoprodol524.84.8
Teriflunomide1214.74.7
Dextroamphetamine104.74.7
Adalimumab-Afzb74.64.7
Ibrutinib2104.64.6
Oxycodone And Acetaminophen614.64.6
Pramipexole404.64.6
Hydrocodone Bitartrate And Acetaminophen1434.54.5
Repository Corticotropin74.44.5
Bupropion Hydrochloride (Xl)74.44.4
Burosumab164.44.4
Etodolac154.44.4
Zaleplon44.44.4
Eliglustat44.34.3
Brodalumab54.34.3
Adenosine44.34.3
Tafamidis294.34.3
Gabapentin Enacarbil74.34.3
Foscarbidopa/Foslevodopa184.24.2
Vibegron194.14.1
Pimecrolimus44.14.1
Linaclotide624.14.1
Milnacipran Hydrochloride144.14.1
Colestipol Hydrochloride64.04.0
Hyoscyamine Sulfate214.04.0
Tenapanor Hydrochloride83.93.9
Pralsetinib43.93.9
Levalbuterol Tartrate83.93.9
Mechlorethamine Hydrochloride53.93.9
Teriparatide2453.83.9
Dextroamphetamine Saccharate, Amphetamine Aspartate, Dextroamphetamine Sulfate, And Amphetamine Sulfate773.83.8
Meclizine Hydrocloride63.83.8
Azelastine393.83.8
Meloxicam1253.83.8
Bimekizumab463.83.8
Sarilumab573.83.8
Primidone223.83.8
Rituximab-Pvvr113.83.8
Oral Semaglutide1553.73.7
Iodium,Badiaga,Fucus Vesiculosus,Calcareaarsenicum Iodatum, Thyroidinum,Carbonica,Pulsatilla,Baryta Carbonica,63.73.7
Thyroid63.73.7
Dimethyl Fumarate Kit73.73.7
Dimethyl-Fumarate73.73.7
Thyroid, Unspecified63.73.7
Sennosides And Docusate Sodium63.73.7
Levomilnacipran Hydrochloride43.63.6
Buspirone Hydrochloride233.63.6
Dhea (Dehydroepiandrosterone)43.63.6
Abrocitinib83.63.6
Docusate Sodium, Sennosides63.63.6
Adalimumab-Atto33.53.5
Nabumetone133.53.5
Cefixime63.53.5
Fluticasone Furoate And Vilanterol Trifenatate723.53.5
Potassium Citrate113.53.5
Levalbuterol Hydrochloride73.53.5
Nabilone43.53.5
Rasagiline Mesylate223.43.5
Desvenlafaxine73.43.5
Baclofen1683.43.4
Trandolapril43.43.4
Trandolapril Tablets43.43.4
Certolizumab Pegol2243.43.4
C1 Esterase Inhibitor Recombinant123.33.3
Oxycodone Hydrochloride4033.33.3
Rizatriptan123.33.3
Dextroamphetamine Sulfate, Dextroamphetamine Saccharate, Amphetamine Sulfate And Amphetamine Aspartate783.33.3
Phenazopyridine73.33.3
Fluoxetine Hcl103.23.2
Prasterone53.23.2
Duloxetine1283.23.2
Cevimeline Hydrochloride53.23.2
Levalbuterol53.23.2
Liothyronine Sodium163.23.2
Amantadine283.23.2
Clonidine Hydrochloride103.13.1
Thyroid, Porcine193.13.1
Gabapentin6283.13.1
Pilocarpine Hydrochloride63.13.1
Ropinirole273.13.1
Opicapone43.13.1
Lidocaine 4%953.13.1
Lidocaine1013.03.0
Carbidopa And Levodopa823.03.0
Amifampridine Phosphate53.03.0
Fluticasone Propionate And Salmeterol723.03.0
Alendronate Sodium Tablet323.03.0
Leflunomide1783.03.0
Adalimumab1,1373.03.0
Phentermine Hydrochloride113.03.0
Azelastine Hydrochloride And Fluticasone Propionate73.03.0
Pancrelipase Lipase, Pancrelipase Protease, Pancrelipase Amylase103.03.0
Biotin533.03.0
Pramipexole Dihydrochloride83.03.0
Butalbital, Acetaminophen, And Caffeine182.92.9
Carbidopa Tablets52.92.9
Thiamine Hydrochloride, Riboflavin 5 Phosphate Sodium, Dexpanthenol And Niacinamide502.92.9
Tralokinumab-Ldrm102.92.9
Chlorthalidone192.92.9
Cetirizine Hcl152.92.9
Buprenorphine Hydrochloride122.82.8
Sumatriptan Succinate412.82.8
Sterile Water72.82.8
Carbidopa52.82.8
Sodium Fluoride62.82.8
Hydromorphone Hydrochloride1472.82.8
Oxycodone Hydrochloride And Acetaminophen1562.82.8
Belimumab502.82.8
Fluorometholone52.72.8
Water82.72.7
Testosterone Cypionate142.72.7
Sterile Water For Injection82.72.7
Oxycodone2872.72.7
Insulin Aspart Injection42.72.7
Estradiol Gel 0.1%692.72.7
Estradiol,692.72.7
Estradiol Transdermal692.72.7
Hydralazine Hydrochloride42.72.7
Duloxetine Hydrochloride2812.62.6
Istradefylline92.62.6
Cinnamon52.62.6
Umeclidinium Bromide And Vilanterol Trifenatate252.62.6
Lidicaine732.62.6
Burn Relief732.62.6
Brivaracetam Injection72.62.6
Lidocaine Hydrochloride And Epinephrine732.62.6
Ixekizumab552.62.6
Trofinetide102.62.6
Olmesartan Medoxomil-Hydrochlorothiazide112.62.6
Alendronate Sodium1482.62.6
Lidocaine, Menthol732.62.6
Ipratropium Bromide And Albuterol42.62.6
Dicyclomine Hydrochloride212.62.6
Adrenalinum612.62.6
Mirabegron562.52.5
Entacapone62.52.5
Omeprazole And Sodium Bicarbonate42.52.5
Losartan Potassium1122.52.5
Glatiramer72.52.5
Fluticasone Propionate Nasal432.52.5
Golimumab1212.52.5
Docusate Sodium And Sennosides82.52.5
Midodrine Hydrochloride62.52.5
Meclizine232.52.5
Mupirocin192.52.5
Trazodone Hydrochloride222.52.5
Desonide72.52.5
Lisinopril And Hydrochlorothiazide Tablets112.42.4
Lidocaine Hydrochloride And Epinephrine Bitartrate742.42.4
Fluticasone Propionate And Salmeterol Xinafoate832.42.4
Mupirocin Calcium192.42.4
Doxepin142.42.4
Montelukast1152.42.4
Azelastine Hydrochloride92.42.4
Methylprednisolone Acetate112.42.4
Epinephrine892.42.4
Calcium Polycarbophil42.32.4
Doxepin Hydrochloride172.32.3
Cyanocobalamin442.32.3
Fexofenadine Hydrochloride292.32.3
Etanercept7682.32.3
Meclizine Hydrochloride262.32.3
Acetaminophen, Caffeine102.32.3
Celecoxib1732.32.3
Tamsulosin Hydrochloride272.32.3
Cenegermin-Bkbj162.32.3
Eptinezumab-Jjmr122.32.3
Rosuvastatin Calcium372.32.3
Denosumab2622.32.3
Meperidine Hydrochloride122.32.3
Megestrol Acetate52.32.3
Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride172.32.3
Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride Oral172.32.3
Sumatriptan492.22.2
Estradiol1102.22.2
Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium122.22.2
Pregabalin3422.22.2
Lisinopril And Hydrochlorothiazide132.22.2
Naltrexone392.22.2
Darolutamide72.22.2
Human Immunoglobulin G262.22.2
Acetaminophen, Aspirin (Nsaid), And Caffeine92.22.2
Acetaminophen, Asprin, Caffeine92.22.2
Deflazacort82.22.2
Acetaminophen, Aspirin (Nsaid), Caffeine92.22.2
Docusate Sodium Sennosides62.22.2
Lidocaine Hydrochloride752.22.2
Meclizine Hcl 12.5Mg172.22.2
Meclizine Hcl 25Mg172.22.2
Ergocalciferol4702.22.2
Meclizine Hcl 12.5 Mg172.22.2
Meclizine Hcl 25 Mg172.22.2
Vortioxetine212.22.2
Doxyclycline Hyclate212.22.2
Patiromer172.12.1
Amantadine Hydrochloride62.12.1
Fremanezumab-Vfrm142.12.1
Risdiplam52.12.1
Guselkumab432.12.1
Fesoterodine Fumarate132.12.1
Testosterone282.12.1
Amlodipine Besylate And Olmesartan Medoxomil32.12.1
Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate1082.12.1
Fexofenadine Hcl112.12.1
Relugolix282.12.1
Fluticasone Furoate, Umeclidinium Bromide And Vilanterol Trifenatate492.12.1
Fexofenadine Hydrochloride Oral72.12.1
Rizatriptan Benzoate122.12.1
Icosapent Ethyl102.02.0
Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride Capsule, Liquid Filled252.02.0
Mepolizumab582.02.0
Ivabradine82.02.0
Docusate Sodium672.02.0
Melatonin632.02.0
Vitamin C1062.02.0
Insulin Degludec272.02.0
Ketoconazole Foam172.02.0
Clindamycin Phosphate Gel Usp, 1%42.02.0
Clindamycin Phosphate Topical42.02.0
Acetaminophen And Codeine142.02.0
Losartan1992.02.0
Ketoconazole Cream, 2%172.02.0
Fluticasone Propionate1472.02.0
Iodine42.02.0
Montelukast Sodium1372.02.0
Irbesartan And Hydrochlorothiazide62.02.0
Turmeric61.91.9
Nintedanib351.91.9
Diazepam1351.91.9
Valbenazine281.91.9
Calcium Acetate61.91.9
Cephalexin241.91.9
Gaunfacine41.91.9
Hydroxyzine Pamoate41.91.9
Bupropion Hydrochloride1081.91.9
Nystatin301.91.9
Morphine Sulfate1301.91.9
Cariprazine101.91.9
Pyridostigmine Bromide81.91.9
Norethindrone61.91.9
Macitentan741.91.9
Pravastatin Sodium211.81.9
Famotidine1241.81.8
Oxybutynin311.81.8
Ublituximab41.81.8
Progesterone241.81.8
Folic Acid2591.81.8
Diphenhydramine661.81.8
Fish Oil941.81.8
Naproxen Sodium Tablet, Coated141.81.8
Naproxen Sodium, Coated Tablets141.81.8
Zinc Gluconate271.81.8
Naproxen Sodium 220Mg141.81.8
Abatacept1421.81.8
Infliximab-Dyyb301.81.8
Empagliflozin691.81.8
Oxybutynin Chloride91.81.8
Nitrofurantoin Monohydrate/Macrocrystalline61.81.8
Acetaminophen, Guaifenesin, And Phenylephrine Hydrochloride1631.81.8
Docusate Sodium - Sennosides331.81.8
Zinc251.81.8
Conjugated Estrogens591.81.8
Zinc Chloride251.81.8
Bayer Aspirin Extra Strength41.81.8
Umeclidinium91.81.8
Docusate Sodium 100Mg241.81.8
Insulin Aspart661.71.7
Azilsartan Kamedoxomil31.71.7
Estrogens, Conjugated591.71.7
Dronabinol81.71.7
Eletriptan Hydrobromide71.71.7
Calcium1471.71.7
Dupilumab4711.71.7
Olopatadine Hydrochloride Ophthalmic Solution41.71.7
Olopatadine Hydrochloride Ophthalmic41.71.7
Nystatin Ointment261.71.7
Evolocumab1601.71.7
Nystatin Cream261.71.7
Ketoconazole171.71.7
Magnesium Oxide411.71.7
Methylphenidate Hydrochloride581.71.7
Topiramate911.71.7
Diclofenac841.71.7
Amlodipine And Atorvastatin41.71.7
Triamterene And Hydrochlorothiazide61.71.7
Vilazodone Hydrochloride91.71.7
Onabotulinumtoxina751.71.7
Pegvisomant41.71.7
Metoprolol Succinate841.71.7
Naproxen761.71.7
Benzonatate161.71.7
Risedronate Sodium301.71.7
Glucagon41.71.7
Desvenlafaxine Succinate261.71.7
Sulfasalazine751.71.7
Brinzolamide/Brimonidine Tartrate41.71.7
Dexlansoprazole401.71.7
Alirocumab241.71.7
Bosentan481.71.7
Pantoprazole Sodium In 0.9% Sodium Chloride591.71.7
Pantoprazole Sodium Injection591.71.7
Hydroxychloroquine711.71.7
Lubiprostone91.71.7
Flecainide Acetate51.71.7
Flecainide Acetate Tablet51.71.7
Metoprolol Succinate Er Tablets591.61.6
Hydroxyzine451.61.6
Bupropion421.61.6
Methotrexate3911.61.6
Clonazepam1501.61.6
Avacopan61.61.6
Elbasvir And Grazoprevir41.61.6
Fenofibrate331.61.6
Metoroprolol Tartrate611.61.6
Bupivacaine Hydrochloride In Dextrose71.61.6
Valacyclovir Hydrochloride651.61.6
Hydrochlorothiazide1331.61.6
Sucralfate221.61.6
Cefdinir71.61.6
Valacyclovir381.61.6
Liraglutide451.61.6
Glecaprevir And Pibrentasvir101.61.6
Omeprazole3111.61.6
Dalfampridine651.61.6
Brexpiprazole151.61.6
Diazepam Oral Solution (Concentrate)801.61.6
Diazepam Oral801.61.6
Morphine671.61.6
Diclofenac Sodium And Misoprostol61.61.6
Ferrous Sulfate451.61.6
Clotrimazole111.61.6
Tolterodine Tartrate81.61.6
Vitamin E281.61.6
Mometasone Furoate371.51.5
Ketorolac Tromethamine51.51.5
Guanfacine Hydrochloride41.51.5
Acetaminophen, Aspirin (Nsaid) And Caffeine151.51.5
Albuterol Sulfate2591.51.5
Interferon Beta-1A1691.51.5
Levothyroxine Sodium2741.51.5
Chlorhexidine Gluconate81.51.5
Olopatadine Hydrochloride51.51.5
Prochlorperazine Maleate81.51.5
Rimegepant Sulfate111.51.5
Pentosan Polysulfate Sodium61.51.5
Entecavir Anhydrous61.51.5
Ascorbic Acid201.51.5
Rifaximin181.51.5
Lovastatin221.51.5
Prednisone4261.51.5
Bupivacaine81.51.5
Glatiramer Acetate Injection41.51.5
Acetaminophen, Aspirin, And Caffeine181.51.5
Zolpidem Tartrate1151.51.5
Fenfluramine41.51.5
Selexipag221.51.5
Simethicone41.51.5
Nitrofurantoin141.51.5
Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride1391.51.5
Nitrofurantoin (Monohydrate/Macrocrystals)141.51.5
Nitrofurantoin Monohydrate/Macrocrystals141.51.5
Droxidopa181.51.5
Mometasone Furoate And Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate131.51.5
Methotrexate Sodium4011.51.5
Cladribine81.51.5
Be Health Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution - Cherry51.41.4
Be Health Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution - Grape51.41.4
Be Health Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution - Lemon51.41.4
Cvs Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution - Cherry51.41.4
Cvs Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution - Grape51.41.4
Cvs Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution - Lemon51.41.4
Epic Medical Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution - Lemon51.41.4
Equate Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution - Cherry51.41.4
Equate Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution - Grape51.41.4
Equate Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution - Lemon51.41.4
Freskaro Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution - Cherry51.41.4
Freskaro Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution - Grape51.41.4
Freskaro Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution - Lemon51.41.4
Harris Teeter Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution - Lemon51.41.4
Leader Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution - Cherry51.41.4
Leader Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution - Grape51.41.4
Leader Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution - Lemon51.41.4
Major Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution - Lemon51.41.4
Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution51.41.4
Baricitinib81.41.4
Riociguat271.41.4
Amlodipine Besylate1211.41.4
Omeprazole Magnesium3661.41.4
Avapritinib101.41.4
Lisinopril2511.41.4
Eszopiclone211.41.4
Naltrexone Hydrochloride And Bupropion Hydrochloride71.41.4
Metformin Hydrochloride Tablets471.41.4
Metformin Hydrochloride Extended-Release Tablets471.41.4
Metformin Hydrochloride Tablet471.41.4
Guaifenesin251.41.4
Potassium Chloride931.41.4
Dimethyl Fumarate1001.41.4
Magnesium Citrate51.41.4
Potassium Chloride, Dextrose Monohydrate751.41.4
Potassium Chloride Oral751.41.4
Potassium Chloride Extended-Release751.41.4
Tadalafil811.41.4
Pantoprazole2041.41.4
Psyllium Husk81.41.4
Olmesartan Medoxomil291.41.4
Tiotropium Bromide Inhalation Spray91.41.4
Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Phenylephrine Hcl401.41.4
Naproxen Sodium1141.41.4
Atorvastatin Calcium, Film Coated561.41.4
Tiotropium Bromide And Olodaterol41.41.4
Metformin Hydrochloride471.41.4
Methylphenidate231.41.4
Rosuvastatin1621.41.4
Alprazolam1631.41.4
Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride191.41.4
Buprenorphine Hydrochloride, Naloxone Hydrochloride191.41.4
Ibuprofen Capsule1561.41.4
Ibuprofen Tablet, Film Coated1561.41.4
Ibuprofen Tablet, Film-Coated1561.41.4
Ibupfrofen1561.41.4
Ibuprofen Tablets Usp, 200Mg1561.41.4
Ibuprofen Oral1561.41.4
Ibuprofen Capsules 200 Mg1561.41.4
Ibuprofen 200 Mg1561.41.4
Ibuprofen 200Mg1561.41.4
Bosutinib71.41.4
Drs. Clotrimazole91.41.4
Family Wellness Clotrimazole91.41.4
Brivaracetam71.41.4
Clotrimazole Topical91.41.4
Naproxen Sodium, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide, Guaifenesin161.41.4
Naproxen Sodium, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride161.41.4
Ondansetron Hydrochloride951.41.4
Acarbose31.41.4
Sucralfate Oral111.31.3
Sucralfate Oral Suspension111.31.3
Glimepiride301.31.3
Axitinib151.31.3
Tolterodine51.31.3
Lurasidone Hydrochloride161.31.3
Mometasone141.31.3
Peginterferon Beta-1A101.31.3
Aceticum Acidum, Adrenalinum, American Ginseng, Arnica Montana, Balsamum Peruvianum, Bos Taurus Pituitarum Posterium, Cherry Plum Flower, Chininum Arsenicosum, Cinchona Officinalis, Clematis Vitalba Flower, Damiana, European Hornbeam Flower, European Olive Flower, Glycyrrhiza Glabra, Impatiens Glandulifera Flower, Kali Phosphoricum, Lycopodium Clavatum, Magnesia Phosphorica, Phosphoricum Acidum, Phosphorus, Pyrenees Star Of Bethlehem, Rockrose Flower, Selenium Metallicum, Thyroidinum31.31.3
Aconitum Napellus, Apis Mellifica, Arnica Montana, Arsenicum Album, Belladonna, Bellis Perennis, Bryonia Alba, Calendula Officinalis, Chamomilla, Cherry Plum, Clematis, Colocynthis, Dulcamara, Echinacea Angustifolia, Echinacea Purpurea, Eupatorium Perfoliatum, Ferrum Phosphoricum, Hamamelis Virginiana, Histaminum, Hypericum Perforatum, Impatiens, Millefolium, Rhus Toxicodendron, Rock Rose, Star Of Bethlehem, Sulphur, Symphytum Officinale, Veratrum Album31.31.3
Aconitum Napellus, Apis Mellifica, Arnica Montana, Arsenicum Album, Belladonna, Bellis Perennis, Bryonia, Calendula, Chamomilla, Cherry Plum, Clematis Vitalba, Colocynthis, Dulcamara Lignosa, Echinacea, Eupatorium, Ferrum Phosphoricum, Hamamelis Virginiana, Histaminum, Hypericum Perforatum, Impatiens Glandulifera, Ledum Palustre, Mentha Piperita, Millefolium, Plantago Major, Pyrenees Star Of Bethlehem, Rhus Toxicodendron, Rockrose, Sulfur, Comfrey, Veratrum Album, Verbascum Thapsus31.31.3
Aconitum Napellus, Arsenicum Album, Baptisia Tinctoria, Belladonna, Bryonia, Cherry Plum, Clematis Vitalba, Echinacea Angustifolia, Echinacea Purpurea, Eucalyptus Globulus, Eupatorium Perfoliatum, European Olive, Ferrum Phosphoricum, Gentiana Lutea, Impatiens Glandulifera, Influenza A Virus, Lachesis Mutus, Luffa Operculata, Ornithogalum Umbellatum, Phosphorus, Rockrose, Sarcolacticum Acidum, Veratrum Album, Yellow Jasmine31.31.3
Aconitum Napellus,Apis Mellifica,Arnica Montana,Arsenicum Album,Belladonna,Bellis Perennis,Bryonia,Calendula Officinalis,Chamomilla,Cherry Plum,Clematis Vitalba,Colocynthis,Comfrey,Dulcamara Lignosa,Echinacea Angustifolia,Echinacea Purpurea,Eupatorium Perfoliatum,Ferrum Phosphoricum,Hamamelis Virginiana,Histaminum,Hypericum Perforatum,Impatiens Glandulifera,Ledum Palustre,Mentha Piperita,Millefolium,Ornithogalum Umbellatum,Plantago Major,Rhus Toxicodendron,Rockrose,Sulphur,Veratrum Album,Verbascum Thapsus31.31.3
Adrenalinum, Aethusa Cynapium, Agnus Castus, Alfalfa, Argentum Nitricum, Aurum Metallicum, Avena Sativa, Ceratostigma Willmottianum Flower, Cherry Plum Flower, Damiana, European Aspen Flower, European Hornbeam Flower, Gorse Flower, Hypericum Perforatum, Kali Phosphoricum, Lycopodium Clavatum, Mandragora Officinarum, Natrum Muriaticum, Passiflora Incarnata, Rosa Canina Flower, Sepia, Sweet Chestnut Flower, Thyroidinum, Wild Mustard Flower31.31.3
Adrenalinum, Argentum Nitricum, Bos Taurus Pituitarum Posterium, Glycerinum, Glycyrrhiza Glabra, Kali Carbonicum, Lacticum Acidum, Magnesia Sulphurica, Niccolum Metallicum, Pancreatinum, Phosphoricum Acidum, Saccharinum, Saccharum Lactis, Saccharum Officinale, Sarcolacticum Acidum, Selenium Metallicum, Syzygium Jambolanum, Thyroidinum, Zincum Metallicum31.31.3
Alfalfa, Antimonium Crudum, Avena Sativa, Berberis Vulgaris, Cajuputum, Carbo Animalis, Carbo Vegetabilis, Chelidonium Majus, Fel Tauri, Gentiana Lutea, Glycyrrhiza Glabra, Illicium Anisatum, Indolum, Kali Carbonicum, Lycopodium Clavatum, Magnesia Phosphorica, Nux Vomica, Pancreatinum, Pepsinum, Raphanus Sativus, Rhamnus Purshiana, Skatolum31.31.3
Allium Cepa, Calcarea Iodata, Calcarea Sulphurica, Echinacea Angustifolia, Echinacea Purpurea, Euphorbium Officinarum, Hepar Sulphuris Calcareum, Histaminum Hydrochloricum, Hydrastis Canadensis, Kali Bichromicum, Kali Muriaticum, Kali Sulphuricum, Lac Defloratum, Luffa Operculata, Mercurius Sulphuratus Ruber, Phosphorus, Pulsatilla Vulgaris, Saccharum Lactis, Thuja Occidentalis31.31.3
Allium Sativum, Avena Sativa, Calcarea Carbonica, Calcarea Fluorica, Calcarea Phosphorica, Calcarea Sulphurica, Carbo Vegetabilis, Ferrum Iodatum, Hypericum Perforatum, Kali Phosphoricum, Lacticum Acidum, Magnesia Phosphorica, Natrum Muriaticum, Natrum Phosphoricum, Phosphoricum Acidum, Urtica Urens31.31.3
Aristolochia Milhomens, Arnica Montana, Arsenicum Album, Belladonna, Bellis Perennis, Bryonia, Calendula Officinalis, Carbo Vegetabilis, Chamomilla, Cherry Plum Flower, Clematis Vitalba Flower, Echinacea Angustifolia, Hamamelis Virginiana, Hepar Sulphuris Calcareum, Hypericum Perforatum, Impatiens Glandulifera Flower, Lachesis Mutus, Millefolium, Pyrenees Star Of Bethlehem, Rhus Toxicodendron, Rockrose Flower, Ruta Graveolens, Sarcolacticum Acidum, Sulphur Iodatum, Symphytum Officinale, Veratrum Album31.31.3
Avena Sativa, Chamomilla, Cherry Plum, Clematis Vitalba, Coffea Cruda, English Oak, Eschscholtzia Californica, European Hornbeam, Ficus Carica, Humulus Lupulus, Ignatia Amara, Impatiens Glandulifera, Kali Phosphoricum, Kali Silicatum, Melissa Officinalis, Passiflora Incarnata, Phosphoricum Acidum, Pyrenees Star Of Bethlehem, Rockrose, Sus Scrofa Parasympathetic Nerve, Pineal Gland, Sympathetic Nerve, Valeriana Officinalis, Verbena Officinalis, Zincum Valerianicum31.31.3
Balsamum Peruvianum, Borax, Bryonia, Calcarea Acetica, Coccus Cacti, Echinacea Angustifolia, Echinacea Purpurea, Eucalyptus Globulus, Euphorbium Officinarum, Euphrasia Officinalis, Histaminum Hydrochloricum, Ipecacuanha, Kali Bichromicum, Luffa Operculata, Mercurius Cyanatus, Mercurius Dulcis, Mercurius Sulphuratus Ruber, Natrum Arsenicicum, Pancreatinum, Sambucus Nigra, Sanguinarinum Nitricum, Saponaria Officinalis31.31.3
Belladonna, Blatta Orientalis, Coccus Cacti, Corallium Rubrum, Cuprum Metallicum, Drosera Rotundifolia, Echinacea Angustifolia, Hedera Helix, Hydrastis Canadensis, Ipecacuanha, Kali Nitricum, Lac Vaccinum, Lobelia Inflata, Passiflora Incarnata, Pertussinum, Sambucus Nigra, Thymus Serpyllum, Valeriana Officinalis31.31.3
Fentanyl751.31.3
Pimavanserin Tartrate421.31.3
Diclofenac Sodium1141.31.3
Escitalopram1061.31.3
Carvedilol1021.31.3
Indomethacin101.31.3
Ondansetron821.31.3
Ondansetron Tablets821.31.3
Levodopa91.31.3
Cholestyramine91.31.3
Sitagliptin And Metformin Hydrochloride161.31.3
Diclofenac Potassium81.31.3
Calcium Carbonate, Simethicone41.31.3
Fluoxetine Hydrochloride941.31.3
Glatiramer Acetate441.31.3
Memantine101.31.3
Memantine Hydrochloride101.31.3
Telmisartan131.31.3
Cimetidine71.31.3
Venlafaxine Hydrochloride961.31.3
Ibuprofen1961.31.3
Loteprednol Etabonate41.31.3
Magnesium591.31.3
Fluocinonide41.21.2
Fluocinonide Topical Solution Usp, 0.05%41.21.2
Finasteride431.21.2
Apremilast1041.21.2
Doxycycline Hyclate481.21.2
Bisacodyl101.21.2
Metoprolol1801.21.2
Propranolol Hydrochloride511.21.2
Timolol Maleate71.21.2
Abiraterone Acetate291.21.2
Scopolamine41.21.2
Promethazine Hydrochloride131.21.2
Cetirizine Hydrochloride1151.21.2
Calcitriol Capsules 0.25 Mcg141.21.2
Calcitriol Capsules 0.5 Mcg141.21.2
Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate231.21.2
Metoprolol Tartrate1901.21.2
Bisacodyl Suppositories91.21.2
Palbociclib661.21.2
Calcitriol141.21.2
Temazepam261.21.2
Biscodyl91.21.2
Doxycycline471.21.2
Niacin81.21.2
Acetaminophen3071.21.2
Insulin Glulisine71.21.2
Tolvaptan101.21.2
Divalproex Sodium321.21.2
Deutetrabenazine51.21.2
Sipuleucel-T41.21.2
Atorvastatin Calcium1691.21.2
Triamcinolone Acetonide Ointment Usp, 0.05%161.21.2
Nebivolol Hydrochloride231.21.2
Triamcinolone Acetonide211.21.2
Clobetasol Propionate Ointment Usp, 0.05%71.21.2
Clobetasol Propionate71.21.2
Lifitegrast111.21.2
Sennosides201.21.2
Acetazolamide41.21.2
Ethyl Alcohol181.21.2
Acetazolamide Sodium41.11.1
Gemfibrozil101.11.1
Clindamycin Phosphate221.11.1
Ibuprofen Tablets, Coated281.11.1
Terazosin51.11.1
Timolol Maleate Ophthalmic51.11.1
Amlodipine1761.11.1
Ibuprofen Sodium281.11.1
Cabotegravir And Rilpivirine41.11.1
Agalsidase Beta61.11.1
Lacosamide241.11.1
Ambrisentan801.11.1
Human Insulin81.11.1
Budesonide And Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate621.11.1
Methimazole51.11.1
Nifedipine301.11.1
Dorzolamide Hydrochloride And Timolol Maleate51.11.1
Niraparib141.11.1
Acetaminophen, Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride31.11.1
Ivacaftor51.11.1
Polyethylene Glycol 3350601.11.1
Metoprolol Tartrate Injection1191.11.1
Amitriptyline Hydrochloride111.11.1
Isosorbide Mononitrate131.11.1
Donepezil Hydrochloride231.11.1
Clonidine321.11.1
Aclidinium Bromide41.11.1
Acetaminophen And Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride31.11.1
Cetirizine481.11.1
Sertraline Hydrochloride731.11.1
Nitroglycerin331.11.1
Sodium Chloride Tablet451.11.1
Sodium Chloride Tablets451.11.1
Loratadine Oral301.11.1
Methadone261.11.1
Colchicine161.11.1
Diltiazem Hydrochloride211.11.1
Chlorpheniramine Maleate41.11.1
Escitalopram Oxalate441.11.1
Brimonidine Tartrate, Timolol Maleate41.11.1
Losartan Potassium And Hydrochlorothiazide71.11.1
Pantoprazole Sodium891.01.0
Ezetimibe451.01.0
Fluoxetine401.01.0
Entecavir71.01.0
Sitagliptin431.01.0
Elvitegravir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, And Tenofovir Alafenamide61.01.0
Insulin Glargine1471.01.0
Sodium Chloride471.01.0
Buprenorphine551.01.0
Diclofenac Potassium, Film Coated51.01.0
Hydrocortisone531.01.0
Diclofenac Potassium Tablets51.01.0
Valsartan Oral321.01.0
Ipratropium Bromide211.01.0
Abiraterone81.01.0
Ustekinumab601.01.0
Loratadine631.01.0
Escitslopram341.01.0
Iron391.01.0
Erenumab-Aooe321.01.0
Ofloxacin Ophthalmic Solution Usp, 0.3%41.01.0
Ofloxacin Otic Solution41.01.0
Salmeterol Xinafoate51.01.0
Levothyroxine Sodium Anhydrous581.01.0
Spironolactone811.01.0
Quetiapine Fumarate171.01.0
Granisetron Hydrochloride61.01.0
Ofloxacin Otic41.01.0
Granisetron61.01.0
Metformin2041.01.0
Venetoclax351.01.0
Albuterol681.01.0
Theophylline Anhydrous71.01.0
Instalax Polyethylene Glycol 335071.01.0
Polyethylene Glycol (3350)71.01.0
Clindamycin161.01.0
Senna Leaf131.01.0
Thiamine Hydrochloride71.01.0
Terazosin Hydrochloride51.01.0
Elexacaftor, Tezacaftor, And Ivacaftor71.01.0
Tocilizumab641.01.0
Diclofenac Sodium 1%201.01.0
Diclofenac Sodium Topical201.01.0
Irbesartan251.01.0
Loratadine Tablet301.01.0
Diclofenac Sodium Topical Gel, 1%201.01.0
Venlafaxine401.01.0
Indapamide101.01.0
Standardized Senna Concentrate71.01.0
Allopurinol871.01.0
Bimatoprost161.01.0
Atenolol741.01.0
Polyethylene Glycol 40071.01.0
Esomeprazole Magnesium Capsule, Delayed Release81.01.0
Esomeprazole Magnesium Delayed Release Capsules81.01.0
Lorazepam991.01.0
Adalimumab-Aaty261.01.0
Esomeprazole Magnesium Dihydrate81.01.0
Ofloxacin41.01.0
Mirtazapine501.01.0
Beclomethasone Dipropionate41.01.0
Fexofenadine90.90.9
Cetiirizine230.90.9
Guaifenesin And Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide40.90.9
Aspirin2920.90.9
Glipizide330.90.9
Suvorexant70.90.9
Diphenhydramine Hcl60.90.9
Extended Phenytoin Sodium90.90.9
Latanoprost270.90.9
Gentamicin70.90.9
Isopropyl Alcohol180.90.9
Metformin Er 500 Mg1600.90.9
Metformin Er 750 Mg1600.90.9
Emtricitabine And Tenofovir Alafenamide60.90.9
Nadolol40.90.9
Diltiazem Hydrochloride Extended-Release Tablets60.90.9
Labetalol70.90.9
Cefuroxime60.90.9
Furosemide2100.90.9
Simvastatin1310.90.9
Theophylline60.90.9
Captopril50.90.9
Magnesium Hydroxide70.90.9
Fostamatinib40.90.9
Aspirin 325 Mg2650.90.9
Aspirin 81 Mg2650.90.9
Lamotrigine680.90.9
Valsartan And Hydrochlorothiazide70.90.9
Naproxen Sodium Tablet270.90.9
Guanfacine40.90.9
Gentamicin Sulfate80.90.9
Cyclosporine560.90.9
Insulin Glargine-Yfgn110.90.9
Zoledronic Acid200.90.9
Amoxicillin380.90.9
Rabeprazole110.90.9
Lactulose190.90.9
Rivaroxaban1030.90.9
Citalopram Hydrobromide530.90.9
Pitavastatin Calcium50.90.9
Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride50.80.8
Valsartan510.80.8
Tobramycin Sulfate60.80.8
Amphetamine40.80.8
Citalopram660.80.8
Hydrocortisone Acetate350.80.8
Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride And Hydrocortisone100.80.8
Budesonide, Glycopyrrolate, And Formoterol Fumarate50.80.8
Sildenafil Powder,170.80.8
Sennosides 8.6 Mg Tablets100.80.8
Anti-Itch320.80.8
Anti-Pruritic320.80.8
Antipruritic (Anti-Itch)320.80.8
Cool Relief Gel With Aloe320.80.8
Drs. Hydrocortisone320.80.8
Hydrocortisone Continuous Spray320.80.8
Hydrocortisone Spray320.80.8
Anti-Itch Cream320.80.8
Hydrocortisone Lotion320.80.8
Hydrocortisone Cream 1%320.80.8
Hydrocortisone Cream 1/2%320.80.8
Rabeprazole Sodium130.80.8
Hydrocortisone 1%320.80.8
Calcium Carbonate320.80.8
Dofetilide50.80.8
Budesonide280.80.8
Hydrocortisone Cream320.80.8
Senna100.80.8
Abacavir Sulfate, Dolutegravir Sodium, Lamivudine30.80.8
Lithium Carbonate80.80.8
Metformin Hcl260.80.8
Interferon Beta-1B90.80.8
Dimenhydrinate50.80.8
Lumacaftor And Ivacaftor40.80.8
Desloratadine50.80.8
Trifluridine And Tipiracil50.80.8
Oxazepam100.80.8
Romiplostim70.80.8
Alcohol180.80.8
Multivitamin230.80.8
Dornase Alfa90.80.8
Tobramycin110.80.8
Infliximab1000.80.8
Aripiprazole560.80.8
Pseudoephedrine Hcl50.80.8
Vedolizumab390.80.8
Terbinafine Hydrochloride40.80.8
Paroxetine Hydrochloride Hemihydrate150.80.8
Tapentadol Hydrochloride150.80.8
Azithromycin180.80.8
Acetaminophen Tablet Extended Release1140.80.8
Pain Reliever1140.80.8
Acetaminophen 500Mg1140.80.8
Metolazone50.80.8
Enalapril Maleate110.80.8
Sertraline520.80.8
Antacid210.80.8
Amoxicillin And Clavulanate Potassium120.80.8
Paroxetine150.80.8
Sildenafil Citrate560.80.8
Natalizumab800.80.8
Linagliptin80.80.8
Cefazolin40.80.8
Diphenoxylate Hydrochloride And Atropine Sulfate60.80.8
Letrozole Tablets210.80.8
Canagliflozin130.80.8
Azithromycin Monohydrate180.80.8
Sildenafil250.80.8
Oxcarbazepine140.70.7
Minocycline50.70.7
0Xygen210.70.7
Oxygen210.70.7
Azithromycin Dihydrate250.70.7
Crisaborole40.70.7
Tobramycin Solution50.70.7
Ursosiol80.70.7
Alectinib Hydrochloride30.70.7
Aripiprazole Oral170.70.7
Aripiprazole Orally Disintegrating170.70.7
Enzalutamide240.70.7
Secukinumab650.70.7
Clopidogrel Bisulfate410.70.7
Quetiapine770.70.7
Cetirizine Hydrochloride Allergy120.70.7
Cetirizine Hydrochloride Tablets120.70.7
Paroxetine Hydrochloride360.70.7
Ezetimibe And Simvastatin60.70.7
Pioglitazone170.70.7
Warfarin500.70.7
Brimonidine Tartrate70.70.7
Torsemide130.70.7
Fentanyl Citrate70.70.7
Lamotirigine280.70.7
Lamotrigine Extended-Release280.70.7
Lamotrigine Chewable Dispersible280.70.7
Letrozole240.70.7
Ibuprofen And Diphenhydramine Citrate90.70.7
Prednisolone Acetate40.70.7
Bictegravir Sodium, Emtricitabine, And Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate70.70.7
Tiotropium Bromide530.70.7
Mycophenilic Acid80.70.7
Cannabidiol90.70.7
Ketoprofen50.70.7
Galcanezumab-Gnlm120.70.7
Adalimumab-Adaz200.70.7
Bumetanide100.70.7
Atomoxetine Hydrochloride90.70.7
Insulin Lispro520.70.7
Dapsone40.70.7
Esomeprazole Magnesium880.70.7
Loperamide Hydrochloride And Dimethicone120.70.7
Exemestane80.70.7
Anastrozole Tablets80.60.6
Cabotegravir30.60.6
Polyethylene Glycol40.60.6
Ursodiol80.60.6
Ciclesonide50.60.6
Adalimumab-Fkjp170.60.6
Levofloxacin220.60.6
Levofloxacin In 5% Dextrose220.60.6
Clopidogrel720.60.6
Isosorbide Dinitrate70.60.6
Febuxostat60.60.6
Loperamide Hydrochloride160.60.6
Sulfamethoxazole And Trimethoprim300.60.6
Methylprednisolone490.60.6
Ziprasidone Mesylate50.60.6
Hydrocodone Bitartrate150.60.6
Regorafenib40.60.6
Candesartan Cilexetil90.60.6
Fluconazole240.60.6
Diroximel Fumarate40.60.6
Elvitegravir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, And Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate30.60.6
Fulvestrant110.60.6
Doxazosin Mesylate120.60.6
Cefazolin Sodium40.60.6
Timolol40.60.6
Fluticasone Furoate40.60.6
Lansoprazole590.60.6
Cortisone Acetate40.60.6
Acetylcysteine30.60.6
Crizotinib40.50.5
Nebivolol50.50.5
Carbamazepine210.50.5
Eplerenone40.50.5
Velpatasvir And Sofosbuvir40.50.5
Alemtuzumab60.50.5
Leuprolide Acetate240.50.5
Levetiracetam410.50.5
Enalapril170.50.5
Encorafenib30.50.5
Dabigatran Etexilate Mesylate220.50.5
Insulin Human120.50.5
Asfotase Alfa30.50.5
Azathioprine260.50.5
Amikacin50.50.5
Prochlorperazine80.50.5
Varenicline Tartrate230.50.5
Insulin160.50.5
Doxazosin80.50.5
Mesalamine160.50.5
Ziprasidone50.50.5
Mycophenolic Acid90.50.5
Acyclovir320.50.5
Ixazomib80.50.5
Lithium70.50.5
Lithium Bromatum70.50.5
Phenobarbital40.50.5
Rifampin40.50.5
Raloxifene Hydrochloride40.50.5
Metronidazole Topical130.50.5
Somatropin200.50.5
Nilotinib80.50.5
Zonisamide40.50.5
Dabigatran Etexilate210.50.5
Amiodarone Hydrochloride30.50.5
Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride260.50.5
Erythromycin50.50.5
Ciprofloxacin240.50.5
Warfarin Sodium120.50.5
Levetiracetam In Sodium Chloride200.40.4
Levetiracetam Oral200.40.4
Esomeprazole160.40.4
Levetiracetam Injection200.40.4
Apalutamide30.40.4
Valproic Acid80.40.4
Glyburide60.40.4
Acalabrutinib30.40.4
Metoclopramide Hydrochloride190.40.4
Anastrozole90.40.4
Raltegravir40.40.4
Dulaglutide210.40.4
Metronidazole150.40.4
Imatinib40.40.4
Etonogestrel And Ethinyl Estradiol50.40.4
Pazopanib Hydrochloride60.40.4
Emtricitabine And Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate100.40.4
Eltrombopag Olamine50.40.4
Tacrolimus340.40.4
Imatinib Mesylate60.40.4
Rivastigmine40.40.4
Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate70.40.4
Leucovorin Calcium40.40.4
Enoxaparin Sodium120.40.4
Abemaciclib40.30.3
Treprostinil250.30.3
Ciprofolxacin140.30.3
Ciprofloxacin Tablets140.30.3
Erythropoietin40.30.3
Bisoprolol Fumarate260.30.3
Hydroxyurea40.30.3
Omalizumab160.30.3
Metoclopramide100.30.3
Anakinra30.30.3
Digoxin130.30.3
Ranitidine360.30.3
Olanzapine Pamoate70.30.3
Exenatide90.30.3
Clobazam40.30.3
Mycophenolate Mofetil220.30.3
Mycophenolate Mofetil Hydrochloride220.30.3
Aflibercept50.30.3
Nicotine Polacrilex60.30.3
Ticagrelor50.30.3
Atezolizumab60.30.3
Prednisolone280.30.3
Prednisolone Oral280.30.3
Prednisolone Oral Solution280.30.3
Minoxidil Foam 5% (Womens)50.30.3
Cinacalcet Hydrochloride70.30.3
Apixaban100.30.3
Pirfenidone60.30.3
Clarithromycin50.30.3
Ramipril170.20.2
Rituximab290.20.2
Tacrolimus Ointment 0.1%170.20.2
Tacrolimus Extended-Release Capsules170.20.2
Pembrolizumab140.20.2
Ocrelizumab80.20.2
Dapagliflozin40.20.2
Ruxolitinib90.20.2
Daratumumab50.20.2
Nicotine50.20.2
Isotretinoin60.20.2
Olanzapine130.20.2
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate60.20.2
Everolimus60.20.2
Tirzepatide190.20.2
Dexamethasone340.20.2
Candesartan40.20.2
Minoxidil50.20.2
Dexamethasone 1.5 Mg320.20.2
Dasatinib40.20.2
Ceftriaxone Sodium40.20.2
Eculizumab50.20.2
Vancomycin Hydrochloride60.20.2
Vancomycin50.20.2
Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate40.10.1
Ribavirin50.10.1
Sacubitril And Valsartan90.10.1
Lenalidomide320.10.1
Ranitidine Hydrochloride40.10.1
Clozapine90.10.1
Risperidone90.10.1
Bortezomib60.10.1
Capecitabine60.10.1
Bevacizumab80.10.1
Fingolimod Hcl50.10.1
Pegfilgrastim40.10.1
Levonorgestrel40.00.0

Related reactions

Data source: openFDA FAERS. See the OpenPV methodology and limitations.