Reaction

Which drugs are most reported with Oedema peripheral (swelling of legs/feet)?

Last recalculated 2026-09-14T18:28:35.993900+00:00 · 120,711 reports · 1,151 co-occurring drugs

As of the last recalculation, Oedema Peripheral appears in 120,711 FAERS reports alongside 1,151 co-occurring drug terms. The strongest observed disproportionality signal is TRICLOSAN (PRR 48.5).

Important: FAERS is a spontaneous, voluntary, unverified reporting system. PRR and ROR identify reporting patterns for investigation; they are not incidence rates and do not establish causation.
DrugCo-reportsPRRROR
Triclosan15148.567.3
Diazoxide Choline9631.137.7
Isopropyl Alcohol Spray55026.831.5
70%Isopropyl Alcohol55126.631.2
Caffeine Citrate27921.224.0
Clear Mint, Gel Toothpaste12620.322.8
Sodium Fluoride F 1812620.122.6
Sodium Fluoride F1812620.122.6
Sodium Fluoride F-1812620.122.6
Hyaluronidase13820.022.5
Capmatinib24517.919.9
Diclofenac Potassium, Film Coated83717.319.1
Diclofenac Potassium Tablets83717.319.1
Efinaconazole17015.116.5
Hydrocortisone Butyrate15213.714.8
Diclofenac Potassium84013.514.6
Gadodiamide26313.514.5
Bosye Benefiting Hair Lotion13112.113.0
Callus Removers13112.113.0
Clear Medicated Corn Removers13112.113.0
Corn And Callus Remover13112.113.0
Corn And Callus Remover Kit13112.113.0
Corn Removers13112.113.0
Extra Thick Callus Removers13112.113.0
Gel Corn Remover13112.113.0
Liquid Wart Remover13112.113.0
Medicated Callus Removers13112.113.0
Medicated Callus Removers Extra Thick13112.113.0
Medicated Corn Remover13112.113.0
Medicated Corn Removers13112.113.0
Medicated Plantar Wart Remover13112.113.0
Medicated Wart Removers13112.113.0
Ultra Thin Corn Removers13112.113.0
Wart Remover Gel13112.113.0
Wart Remover Gel Tube13112.113.0
Wart Remover Liquid13112.113.0
Wart Remover Medicated Discs13112.113.0
Wart Removers13112.113.0
Salicylic Acid 12%13112.113.0
Astringent13112.113.0
Wart Remover13112.113.0
Liquid Corn And Callus Remover13112.112.9
Gadoteridol12511.912.8
Cortisone Acetate83011.712.4
Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride68911.612.4
Pseudoephedrine Hcl69911.011.7
Sodium Ferric Gluconate Complex13510.811.5
Alendronate Sodium And Cholecalciferol17110.611.2
Desoximetasone1,12310.210.8
Neomycin Ointment13910.010.6
Formoterol Fumarate1899.710.2
Riociguat1,7909.610.1
Caffeine4309.510.0
Naproxen Sodium Tablet, Coated7129.19.6
Naproxen Sodium, Coated Tablets7129.19.6
Naproxen Sodium 220Mg7129.19.6
Chlorhexidine Gluconate4498.58.9
Torsemide1,5868.48.7
Piroxicam3078.38.7
Aliskiren1098.38.6
Metolazone5328.28.6
Minocycline Hydrochloride2758.28.5
Tofacitinib Citrate6138.18.4
Hydrocortisone Sodium Succinate4257.88.1
Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate2037.47.7
Mifepristone2027.47.7
Calcium Gluconate5137.47.7
Epoprostenol5507.37.6
Eplerenone5287.17.4
Aliskiren Hemifumarate2497.17.4
Selexipag1,0417.07.3
Pyridoxine Hydrochloride1076.97.2
Desogestrel And Ethinyl Estradiol1286.87.0
Macitentan2,6136.66.9
Phenylephrine Hydrochloride1556.66.9
Diltiazem Hydrochloride Extended-Release Tablets4316.66.8
Sodium Fluoride1406.56.7
Pramipexole Dihydrochloride1766.46.7
Glycopyrrolate2066.46.6
Risedronate Sodium1,1446.46.6
Diclofenac Sodium 1%1,2826.26.4
Diclofenac Sodium Topical1,2826.26.4
Diclofenac Sodium Topical Gel, 1%1,2826.26.4
Lorlatinib2536.26.4
Allantoin1196.26.4
Clonidine Hydrochloride1986.26.4
Crizotinib4456.16.2
Ambrisentan4,1976.06.1
Acetaminophen And Codeine4206.06.1
Antacid1,5465.75.8
Quetiapine Fumarate9605.65.8
Bumetanide8595.65.8
Ciclesonide4425.65.8
Diltiazem Hydrochloride1,1065.65.7
Ascorbic Acid7435.55.7
Pamidronate Disodium1095.55.7
Amlodipine Besylate And Valsartan3535.55.7
Amlodipine Besylate And Olmesartan Medoxomil805.55.6
Furosemide11,7185.55.6
Quinine Sulfate1125.45.6
Acetaminophen And Caffeine1105.45.5
Cetirizine Hydrochloride Tablets9385.45.5
Cetirizine Hydrochloride Allergy9375.45.5
Doxyclycline Hyclate5265.35.5
Gadobenate Dimeglumine1365.35.5
Aclidinium Bromide1975.35.4
Nicotinamide775.35.4
0Xygen1,4925.35.4
Oxygen1,4925.35.4
Ipratropium Bromide1,0775.25.4
Epoetin Alfa3565.25.3
Amlodipine Besylate And Benazepril Hydrochloride2775.25.3
Acetaminophen And Phenyleprine Hcl975.25.3
Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Dextromethorphan Hbr975.25.3
Treprostinil3,6185.15.2
Alendronate Sodium2,9195.15.2
Bisacodyl Suppositories3805.15.2
Acetaminophen And Diphenhydramine Hcl985.15.2
Biscodyl3825.15.2
Irbesartan And Hydrochlorothiazide1555.05.1
Amlodipine And Atorvastatin1195.05.1
Standardized Senna Concentrate3604.95.1
Digoxin2,0264.95.0
Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride Capsule, Liquid Filled6064.95.0
Bisacodyl3984.95.0
Bosentan1,3974.84.9
Calcium Carbonate1,8514.84.9
Spironolactone3,8154.84.9
Cetirizine Hydrochloride And Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride834.84.9
Pantoprazole Sodium In 0.9% Sodium Chloride1,6794.74.8
Pantoprazole Sodium Injection1,6794.74.8
Aprepitant5004.74.8
Potassium Chloride3,0084.64.7
Captopril2584.64.7
Potassium Chloride, Dextrose Monohydrate2,4264.64.7
Potassium Chloride Oral2,4264.64.7
Potassium Chloride Extended-Release2,4264.64.7
Calcitonin Salmon834.64.7
Lidocaine Patch 5%2054.64.7
Sildenafil1,5074.54.6
Benazepril Hydrochloride1914.54.6
Iron Sucrose2484.54.6
Triamterene And Hydrochlorothiazide1594.54.6
Sildenafil Powder,9074.44.5
Lanthanum Carbonate1314.44.5
Fosaprepitant Dimeglumine3464.34.4
Candesartan8914.34.4
Stool Softener874.34.4
Fluvastatin Sodium1124.34.4
Erythropoietin5104.34.4
Marc Glassman894.34.3
Glyburide5944.24.3
Candesartan Cilexetil6364.24.3
Alfuzosin Hcl824.24.3
Acetaminophen, Dextromethorphan Hbr1004.24.2
Enalapril Maleate5924.14.2
Dobutamine894.14.2
Docusate Sodium Sennosides1144.14.2
Ivabradine1624.14.2
Octreotide Acetate7194.14.1
Valsartan And Hydrochlorothiazide3194.14.1
Pioglitazone1,0084.04.1
Nystatin6384.04.1
Ramipril2,8414.04.1
Nystatin Ointment6084.04.1
Nystatin Cream6094.04.1
Amlodipine Besylate3,3314.04.1
Drospirenone And Ethinyl Estradiol1,0134.04.0
Diclofenac1,9554.04.0
Tadalafil2,2443.94.0
Nifedipine1,0633.94.0
Phytonadione1923.94.0
Amlodipine Valsartan And Hydrochlorothiazide833.94.0
Nitroglycerin1,2003.94.0
Indapamide4033.94.0
Megestrol Acetate873.94.0
Docusate Sodium - Sennosides7173.93.9
Adalimumab-Adaz1,1683.83.9
Triamcinolone Acetonide Ointment Usp, 0.05%5203.83.9
Pentoxifylline963.83.9
Docusate Calcium1053.83.9
Pramipexole3353.83.8
Sildenafil Citrate2,7363.83.8
Docusate Sodium And Sennosides1233.83.8
Losartan Potassium And Hydrochlorothiazide2533.83.8
Warfarin Sodium1,0043.83.8
Adalimumab-Fkjp1,0003.73.8
Levothyroxine Sodium Anhydrous2,1283.73.8
Dronedarone2193.73.8
Dalteparin Sodium2273.73.8
Raloxifene Hydrochloride3133.73.8
Acarbose833.73.8
Nitrofurantoin Monohydrate/Macrocrystalline1253.73.7
Imatinib Mesylate5933.73.7
Adalimumab-Aaty1,0023.73.7
Cetiirizine8973.73.7
Fondaparinux Sodium1713.63.7
Diclofenac Sodium And Misoprostol1413.63.7
Valsartan2,1913.63.7
Docusate Sodium1,2103.63.7
Felodipine Extended-Release Tablets2403.63.7
Felodipine2403.63.7
Perindopril Erbumine1183.63.7
Doxazosin Mesylate7573.63.7
Febuxostat Tablets 40 Mg2133.63.7
Febuxostat Tablets 80 Mg2133.63.7
Isopropyl Alcohol7033.63.7
Amiodarone Hydrochloride2323.63.6
Bisoprolol Fumarate2,7683.63.6
Febuxostat3463.63.6
Pregabalin5,3993.53.6
Cetirizine1,5683.53.6
Warfarin2,5463.53.6
Lactulose7763.53.6
Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride4113.53.6
Docusate Sodium 100Mg4823.53.5
Midodrine Hydrochloride853.53.5
Tolterodine Tartrate1803.53.5
Quinine1723.53.5
Indomethacin2653.53.5
Betamethasone Dipropionate1303.53.5
Ezetimibe And Simvastatin3033.43.5
Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate9223.43.5
Fosinopril853.43.5
Valsartan Oral1,0743.43.5
Betamethasone Valerate903.43.5
Pantoprazole Sodium2,8973.43.5
Betamethasone Valerate Foam903.43.5
Vitamin E6203.43.5
Oxycodone And Acetaminophen Tablets2353.43.5
Doxazosin5493.43.4
Everolimus9953.43.4
Sotatercept-Csrk993.43.4
Sulfasalazine1,5243.43.4
Be Health Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution - Cherry1183.43.4
Be Health Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution - Grape1183.43.4
Be Health Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution - Lemon1183.43.4
Cvs Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution - Cherry1183.43.4
Cvs Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution - Grape1183.43.4
Cvs Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution - Lemon1183.43.4
Epic Medical Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution - Lemon1183.43.4
Equate Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution - Cherry1183.43.4
Equate Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution - Grape1183.43.4
Equate Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution - Lemon1183.43.4
Freskaro Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution - Cherry1183.43.4
Freskaro Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution - Grape1183.43.4
Freskaro Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution - Lemon1183.43.4
Harris Teeter Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution - Lemon1183.43.4
Leader Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution - Cherry1183.43.4
Leader Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution - Grape1183.43.4
Leader Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution - Lemon1183.43.4
Major Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution - Lemon1183.43.4
Magnesium Citrate Oral Solution1183.43.4
Mannitol963.43.4
Hydrocortisone Acetate1,3933.33.4
Magnesium Citrate1183.33.4
Chlorthalidone2223.33.3
Allopurinol2,9423.33.3
Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate1,7193.33.3
Insulin1,0563.33.3
Sarilumab5013.33.3
Triamterene1373.23.3
Tamoxifen Citrate1083.23.3
Metformin Hcl1,0303.23.3
Sennosides5573.23.3
Sparsentan1103.23.3
Hydrocortisone1,6423.23.2
Isosorbide Mononitrate3823.23.2
Magnesium Hydroxide2483.23.2
Leflunomide1,9043.23.2
Triamterene Capsules1313.23.2
Albuterol2,1623.13.2
Tazobactam Sodium And Piperacillin Sodium1233.13.2
Promethazine Hydrochloride3373.13.2
Carvedilol2,4173.13.2
Edoxaban Tosylate1203.13.2
Sorafenib3743.13.2
Celecoxib2,3363.13.1
Cyanocobalamin5903.13.1
Acetylcysteine1693.13.1
Folic Acid4,3393.13.1
Erythromycin3333.13.1
Atenolol2,3353.13.1
Pantoprazole4,3823.13.1
Hydroxychloroquine1,3153.13.1
Meclizine Hcl 12.5Mg2413.13.1
Meclizine Hcl 25Mg2413.13.1
Meclizine Hcl 12.5 Mg2413.13.1
Meclizine Hcl 25 Mg2413.13.1
Exemestane3773.03.1
Telmisartan3143.03.1
Diphenoxylate Hydrochloride And Atropine Sulfate2413.03.1
Psyllium Husk1733.03.1
Metoroprolol Tartrate1,1483.03.1
Theophylline2013.03.1
Levothyroxine Sodium5,3393.03.1
Loperamide Hydrochloride And Dimethicone5583.03.0
Hydrochlorothiazide2,4933.03.0
Triamcinolone Acetonide5353.03.0
Salmeterol Xinafoate1493.03.0
Amlodipine4,5413.03.0
Itraconazole2013.03.0
Theophylline Anhydrous2133.03.0
Doxycycline Hyclate1,1503.03.0
Colchicine4503.03.0
Doxycycline1,1582.93.0
Hydrocortisone Cream1,1432.93.0
Irbesartan7592.93.0
Anti-Itch1,1362.93.0
Anti-Pruritic1,1362.93.0
Antipruritic (Anti-Itch)1,1362.93.0
Cool Relief Gel With Aloe1,1362.93.0
Drs. Hydrocortisone1,1362.93.0
Hydrocortisone Continuous Spray1,1362.93.0
Hydrocortisone Spray1,1362.93.0
Anti-Itch Cream1,1362.93.0
Hydrocortisone Lotion1,1362.93.0
Hydrocortisone Cream 1%1,1362.93.0
Hydrocortisone Cream 1/2%1,1362.93.0
Hydrocortisone 1%1,1362.93.0
Senna Leaf3922.93.0
Sodium Bicarbonate3952.93.0
Sodium Bicarbonate Injection,3952.93.0
Sodium Bicarbonate, Injection3952.93.0
Tocilizumab1,9212.93.0
Morphine1,2522.92.9
Methyldopa822.92.9
Rabeprazole Sodium4582.92.9
Gemfibrozil2542.92.9
Diclofenac Sodium2,4862.92.9
Mometasone Furoate6922.92.9
Calcium2,4402.92.9
Alectinib Hydrochloride1212.92.9
Isosorbide Dinitrate3232.92.9
Etodolac992.82.9
Tramadol Hydrochloride6192.82.9
Alcohol6382.82.9
Calcitriol Capsules 0.25 Mcg3302.82.9
Calcitriol Capsules 0.5 Mcg3302.82.9
Temazepam6192.82.9
Moxifloxacin2312.82.9
Magnesium1,3372.82.9
Simethicone772.82.9
Polyethylene Glycol1772.82.9
Repaglinide1222.82.9
Telotristat Ethyl942.82.8
Calcitriol3302.82.8
Magnesium Oxide6792.82.8
Nebivolol2592.82.8
Enalapril9012.82.8
Minocycline1892.82.8
Niacin1882.82.8
Meclizine2642.82.8
Thalidomide5882.82.8
Loperamide Hydrochloride7142.82.8
Carisoprodol3052.82.8
Simvastatin3,9212.82.8
Teduglutide2132.72.8
Metoprolol Tartrate4,2282.72.8
Cephalexin3412.72.7
Labetalol2102.72.7
Amantadine Hydrochloride772.72.7
Terazosin Hydrochloride1402.72.7
Aspirin 325 Mg7,7222.72.7
Sennosides 8.6 Mg Tablets3292.72.7
Aspirin 81 Mg7,7232.72.7
Primidone1602.72.7
Senna3302.72.7
Abacavir Sulfate1522.72.7
Lansoprazole2,7292.72.7
Aspirin8,0062.72.7
Olmesartan Medoxomil5562.72.7
Quinapril1062.72.7
Acetaminophen Tablet Extended Release3,8632.72.7
Acetaminophen 500Mg3,8652.72.7
Pain Reliever3,8632.72.7
Losartan Potassium1,2092.72.7
Human Insulin1922.72.7
Iron1,0232.72.7
Palonosetron Hydrochloride812.62.7
Magnesium Sulfate In Water For1962.62.7
Magnesium Sulfate2002.62.7
Thiamine Hydrochloride1902.62.7
Clonidine7772.62.7
Vitamin C1,3892.62.7
Lovastatin3902.62.6
Enoxaparin Sodium8712.62.6
Meclizine Hydrochloride2972.62.6
Methocarbamol3432.62.6
Asenapine Maleate1312.62.6
Rabeprazole3342.62.6
Metoprolol3,7632.62.6
Cimetidine1452.62.6
Magnesium Sulfate Heptahydrate1962.62.6
Chlorpheniramine Maleate992.62.6
Potassium Citrate822.62.6
Sulfamethoxazole And Trimethoprim1,2542.62.6
Nebivolol Hydrochloride5022.62.6
Esomeprazole Magnesium Capsule, Delayed Release2152.62.6
Esomeprazole Magnesium Delayed Release Capsules2152.62.6
Esomeprazole Magnesium Dihydrate2152.52.6
Lorazepam2,6202.52.6
Ibuprofen And Diphenhydramine Citrate3422.52.6
Quinapril Hydrochloride1162.52.6
Atorvastatin Calcium3,5692.52.6
Glipizide8902.52.6
Azithromycin Dihydrate8572.52.6
Naproxen Sodium2,0672.52.5
Fish Oil1,3112.52.5
Ferrous Sulfate7292.52.5
Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride And Hydrocortisone3012.52.5
Sitagliptin1,0352.52.5
Nadolol1092.52.5
Apixaban9582.52.5
Fluticasone Propionate Nasal4352.52.5
Abacavir862.52.5
Azithromycin5772.52.5
Calcium Acetate772.52.5
Budesonide8392.52.5
Insulin Glargine-Yfgn3122.52.5
Ropinirole2192.52.5
Lubiprostone1352.52.5
Imatinib2512.52.5
Calcium Carbonate, Simethicone772.52.5
Ketoprofen1862.42.5
Golimumab1,2082.42.5
Dextrose1862.42.5
Prednisone6,8682.42.5
Azithromycin Monohydrate5862.42.5
Trimethoprim1662.42.5
Cholestyramine1702.42.4
Cetirizine Hydrochloride2,2932.42.4
Metoprolol Tartrate Injection2,6322.42.4
Methocarbamol Tablets2352.42.4
Sotalol Hydrochloride2322.42.4
Dextrose Monohydrate1862.42.4
Sucralfate3332.42.4
Cefuroxime1592.42.4
Everolimus Tablets2332.42.4
Darbepoetin Alfa7472.42.4
Anastrozole5092.42.4
Insulin Glulisine1412.42.4
Gemcitabine Hydrochloride7322.42.4
Clopidogrel2,7032.42.4
Insulin Human5462.42.4
Tamsulosin Hydrochloride2802.42.4
Pimavanserin Tartrate7552.42.4
Guaifenesin4172.42.4
Octreotide772.42.4
Terazosin1042.42.4
Bicalutamide2082.42.4
Diphenhydramine Hydrochloride2,2412.42.4
Gold792.42.4
Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride1,3182.42.4
Montelukast Sodium1,6462.32.4
Amoxicillin And Clavulanate Potassium3682.32.4
Lisinopril4,0572.32.3
Rosuvastatin2,7272.32.3
Azathioprine1,1792.32.3
Metoprolol Succinate Er Tablets8342.32.3
Ezetimibe1,0002.32.3
Naproxen1,0422.32.3
Gemcitabine5232.32.3
Cilostazol822.32.3
Lopinavir And Ritonavir1802.32.3
Linagliptin2412.32.3
Mepolizumab6542.32.3
Naproxen Sodium, Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide, Guaifenesin2702.32.3
Naproxen Sodium, Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride2702.32.3
Granisetron Hydrochloride1372.32.3
Metoprolol Succinate1,1322.32.3
Clotrimazole1612.32.3
Zoledronic Acid5252.32.3
Clopidogrel Bisulfate1,3322.32.3
Acetaminophen5,7062.32.3
Zolpidem Tartrate1,7522.32.3
Sucralfate Oral1852.22.3
Lisinopril And Hydrochlorothiazide1332.22.3
Abiraterone Acetate5342.22.3
Sucralfate Oral Suspension1852.22.3
Letrozole7962.22.3
Heparin Sodium1782.22.2
Sodium Chloride Tablet9462.22.2
Sodium Chloride Tablets9462.22.2
Rosuvastatin Calcium3632.22.2
Ergocalciferol4,8502.22.2
Lanreotide Acetate1012.22.2
Olanzapine Pamoate5252.22.2
Hydroxyurea2712.22.2
Nitrofurantoin (Monohydrate/Macrocrystals)2142.22.2
Nitrofurantoin Monohydrate/Macrocrystals2142.22.2
Drs. Clotrimazole1482.22.2
Family Wellness Clotrimazole1482.22.2
Clotrimazole Topical1482.22.2
Acetaminophen, Guaifenesin, And Phenylephrine Hydrochloride2,0222.22.2
Tiotropium Bromide1,7312.22.2
Fluticasone Furoate And Vilanterol Trifenatate4572.22.2
Acetaminophen, Chlorpheniramine Maleate, Phenylephrine Hcl6342.22.2
Quetiapine2,4192.22.2
Meloxicam7352.22.2
Dronabinol1022.22.2
Trazodone Hydrochloride1982.22.2
Amitriptyline Hydrochloride2222.22.2
Mesalamine7092.22.2
Ribociclib3992.22.2
Deferasirox3352.22.2
Abiraterone1722.22.2
Albuterol Sulfate3,6892.22.2
Fluconazole8792.22.2
Nitrofurantoin2072.22.2
Ciprofloxacin1,1472.22.2
Daspone1222.22.2
Ibuprofen Capsule2,4722.22.2
Ibuprofen Tablet, Film Coated2,4722.22.2
Ibuprofen Tablet, Film-Coated2,4722.22.2
Ibupfrofen2,4722.22.2
Ibuprofen Tablets Usp, 200Mg2,4722.22.2
Ibuprofen 200Mg2,4742.22.2
Dapsone Gel, 5%1222.22.2
Ibuprofen Oral2,4722.22.2
Ibuprofen Capsules 200 Mg2,4722.22.2
Ibuprofen 200 Mg2,4722.22.2
Tizanidine Hydrochloride2262.22.2
Sodium Chloride9842.22.2
Olmesartan Medoxomil-Hydrochlorothiazide932.22.2
Dimenhydrinate1332.22.2
Fluticasone Furoate1502.12.2
Oxycodone And Acetaminophen2882.12.1
Clarithromycin4242.12.1
Tafamidis1452.12.1
Avapritinib1482.12.1
Liothyronine Sodium1062.12.1
Amoxicillin9262.12.1
Meperidine Hydrochloride1122.12.1
Regorafenib1412.12.1
Cyclobenzaprine Hydrochloride1092.12.1
Ursodiol2642.12.1
Budesonide And Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate1,1712.12.1
Ursosiol2352.12.1
Pemetrexed Disodium4592.12.1
Extended Phenytoin Sodium2002.12.1
Esomeprazole7382.12.1
Instalax Polyethylene Glycol 33501482.12.1
Polyethylene Glycol (3350)1482.12.1
Metoclopramide Hydrochloride9172.12.1
Mycophenolate Mofetil Hydrochloride1,6122.12.1
Ciprofolxacin8512.12.1
Ciprofloxacin Tablets8512.12.1
Ibuprofen3,1942.12.1
Loperamide Hcl1532.12.1
Oxybutynin Chloride1042.02.1
Methylprednisolone Acetate952.02.1
Thiamine Hydrochloride, Riboflavin 5 Phosphate Sodium, Dexpanthenol And Niacinamide3592.02.1
Mycophenolate Mofetil1,6002.02.1
Amantadine1832.02.1
Prochlorperazine Maleate1092.02.1
Polyethylene Glycol 4001502.02.1
Sertraline Hydrochloride1,3942.02.1
Buprenorphine Hydrochloride, Naloxone Hydrochloride2852.02.1
Atorvastatin Calcium, Film Coated8262.02.0
Fulvestrant3882.02.0
Benzonatate1942.02.0
Lidocaine Hydrochloride Anhydrous782.02.0
Lapatinib1822.02.0
Alendronate Sodium Tablet2172.02.0
Methotrexate4,8252.02.0
Diphenhydramine Hcl1302.02.0
Glimepiride4542.02.0
Desloratadine1252.02.0
Omeprazole Magnesium5,0922.02.0
Tolvaptan1692.02.0
Dapsone1242.02.0
Esomeprazole Magnesium2,6662.02.0
Abatacept1,5812.02.0
Rifampicin1162.02.0
Fluticasone Propionate1,4782.02.0
Bortezomib1,0202.02.0
Granisetron1202.02.0
Sunitinib Malate4492.02.0
Methylprednisolone1,5652.02.0
Clindamycin3232.02.0
Gabapentin4,0822.02.0
Dabigatran Etexilate8802.02.0
Clindamycin Phosphate3792.02.0
Sodium Chloride, Sodium Lactate, Calcium Chloride, Magnesium Chloride And Dextrose932.02.0
Paricalcitol1602.02.0
Divalproex Sodium5262.02.0
Certolizumab Pegol1,3192.02.0
Mometasone2071.92.0
Pravastatin Sodium2231.92.0
Oxycodone Hydrochloride And Acetaminophen1,1091.92.0
Pemetrexed2411.92.0
Atropine931.91.9
Mirtazapine1,0231.91.9
Prednisolone2,0061.91.9
Prednisolone Oral2,0061.91.9
Prednisolone Oral Solution2,0061.91.9
Alprazolam2,2871.91.9
Agalsidase Beta1031.91.9
Mupirocin Calcium1531.91.9
Mupirocin1501.91.9
Hyoscyamine Sulfate1021.91.9
Metronidazole7071.91.9
Oxycodone2,0541.91.9
Omeprazole3,7631.91.9
Roflumilast771.91.9
Multivitamin5521.91.9
Estrogens, Conjugated6521.91.9
Letrozole Tablets5271.91.9
Insulin Aspart7231.91.9
Dutasteride891.91.9
Valganciclovir2061.91.9
Valganciclovir Hydrochloride2061.91.9
Omalizumab9281.91.9
Dapagliflozin3431.91.9
Clonazepam1,7281.91.9
Ustekinumab1,1051.91.9
Cefdinir831.91.9
Lisinopril And Hydrochlorothiazide Tablets851.91.9
Oseltamivir861.91.9
Methotrexate Sodium5,1431.91.9
Rasagiline Mesylate1201.91.9
Dabigatran Etexilate Mesylate7811.91.9
Beclomethasone Dipropionate791.91.9
Famotidine1,2601.91.9
Conjugated Estrogens6261.91.9
Mycophenolic Acid3431.91.9
Zinc Chloride2651.81.9
Zinc2631.81.8
Dexlansoprazole4401.81.8
Rituximab2,2151.81.8
Norepinephrine Bitartrate1521.81.8
Isoniazid1711.81.8
Lithium Carbonate1791.81.8
Lidocaine Hydrochloride6331.81.8
Dexamethasone 1.5 Mg3,0461.81.8
Fluticasone Propionate And Salmeterol Xinafoate6281.81.8
Dicyclomine Hydrochloride1491.81.8
Enfortumab Vedotin761.81.8
Piperacillin Sodium And Tazobactam Sodium2051.81.8
Zinc Gluconate2731.81.8
Dexamethasone3,0591.81.8
Erlotinib Hydrochloride1301.81.8
Leucovorin Calcium1981.81.8
Prochlorperazine2871.81.8
Tranexamic Acid921.81.8
Diphenhydramine6511.81.8
Biotin3201.81.8
Ceftriaxone Sodium3931.81.8
Lidocaine Hydrochloride And Epinephrine Bitartrate5451.81.8
Butalbital, Acetaminophen, And Caffeine1091.81.8
Citalopram1,3921.81.8
Rifaximin2141.81.8
Filgrastim3841.81.8
Montelukast8541.81.8
Methimazole801.81.8
Loperamide Hydrochloride Oral1041.81.8
Fenofibrate3591.71.8
Diazepam1,2281.71.8
Cefazolin Sodium1221.71.8
Melatonin5501.71.8
Nilotinib2981.71.8
Metoclopramide5541.71.8
Cyclobenzaprine5021.71.7
Lidicaine4921.71.7
Burn Relief4921.71.7
Pitavastatin Calcium1031.71.7
Lidocaine, Menthol4981.71.7
Lidocaine Hydrochloride And Epinephrine4921.71.7
Infliximab2,1761.71.7
Ceftazidime771.71.7
Rivaroxaban2,0681.71.7
Atropine Sulfate1081.71.7
Fexofenadine Hcl921.71.7
Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate1011.71.7
Infliximab-Dyyb2901.71.7
Ribavirin6371.71.7
Cetirizine Hcl911.71.7
Bupropion Hydrochloride9711.71.7
Siponimod881.71.7
Olanzapine1,0551.71.7
Metronidazole Topical4681.71.7
Norepinephrine (Bitartrate)1291.71.7
Acyclovir1,1191.71.7
Ketoconazole1701.71.7
Oxazepam2111.71.7
Erlotinib951.71.7
Ondansetron Hydrochloride1,1971.71.7
Sacubitril And Valsartan1,1331.71.7
Fesoterodine Fumarate1061.71.7
Goserelin1311.71.7
Fexofenadine1611.71.7
Donepezil Hydrochloride3571.71.7
Tretinoin791.71.7
Finasteride5851.71.7
Clobetasol Propionate Ointment Usp, 0.05%1001.71.7
Etanercept5,7001.71.7
Timolol Maleate961.71.7
Loratadine Oral4751.71.7
Ketoconazole Foam1431.71.7
Clobetasol Propionate1001.71.7
Teriparatide1,0861.71.7
Ketoconazole Cream, 2%1431.71.7
Dofetilide1011.71.7
Propranolol Hydrochloride6901.71.7
Escitalopram1,3401.71.7
Doxepin971.71.7
Hydromorphone Hydrochloride8781.71.7
Docetaxel Anhydrous6421.61.7
Docetaxel6421.61.7
Apalutamide1121.61.6
Levofloxacin5731.61.6
Levofloxacin In 5% Dextrose5731.61.6
Trastuzumab6521.61.6
Morphine Sulfate1,1501.61.6
Interferon Beta-1B1821.61.6
Vancomycin5481.61.6
Pertuzumab2571.61.6
Cefazolin861.61.6
Doxepin Hydrochloride1191.61.6
Losartan1,6391.61.6
Amphotericin B1181.61.6
Lithium2371.61.6
Lithium Bromatum2371.61.6
Mirabegron3621.61.6
Dorzolamide Hydrochloride And Timolol Maleate741.61.6
Basiliximab1101.61.6
Sirolimus1261.61.6
Buspirone Hydrochloride1031.61.6
Lamivudine Oral2361.61.6
Paroxetine Hydrochloride8471.61.6
Testosterone2181.61.6
Atovaquone751.61.6
Romiplostim1401.61.6
Polyethylene Glycol 33508831.61.6
Ondansetron Tablets1,0091.61.6
Ondansetron1,0081.61.6
Rivastigmine1741.61.6
Lidocaine 4%5021.61.6
Peginterferon Alfa-2A4981.61.6
Metformin Hydrochloride5441.61.6
Vancomycin Hydrochloride6041.61.6
Ampicillin761.61.6
Ampicillin Sodium761.61.6
Duloxetine Hydrochloride1,7141.61.6
Lamivudine2831.61.6
Valacyclovir Hydrochloride6431.61.6
Ibrutinib7361.61.6
Metformin Hydrochloride Tablets5201.61.6
Metformin Hydrochloride Extended-Release Tablets5201.61.6
Metformin Hydrochloride Tablet5201.61.6
Hydroxyzine4321.61.6
Lidocaine5281.61.6
Loratadine Tablet4841.61.6
Metformin Er 500 Mg2,6961.61.6
Metformin Er 750 Mg2,6961.61.6
Paclitaxel8911.61.6
Loratadine9671.61.6
Metformin3,1861.61.6
Trametinib2161.51.5
Citalopram Hydrobromide9551.51.5
Gefitinib801.51.5
Baclofen7601.51.5
Ceftriaxone2871.51.5
Gentamicin Sulfate1381.51.5
Tofacitinib1,6011.51.5
Enzalutamide5111.51.5
Carbamazepine5821.51.5
Ixazomib2491.51.5
Insulin Degludec2031.51.5
Fluoxetine Hydrochloride1,0981.51.5
Valproate Sodium1781.51.5
Latanoprost4331.51.5
Insulin Glargine2,1131.51.5
Azelastine1541.51.5
Capecitabine7821.51.5
Estradiol Gel 0.1%3861.51.5
Estradiol,3861.51.5
Dabrafenib1801.51.5
Estradiol Transdermal3861.51.5
Memantine1161.51.5
Memantine Hydrochloride1161.51.5
Diazepam Oral Solution (Concentrate)7531.51.5
Ibuprofen Tablets, Coated3601.51.5
Diazepam Oral7531.51.5
Ibuprofen Sodium3601.51.5
Exenatide4401.41.4
Secukinumab1,3461.41.4
Gentamicin1091.41.4
Melphalan Hydrochloride2081.41.4
Carbidopa And Levodopa3921.41.4
Umeclidinium Bromide And Vilanterol Trifenatate1381.41.4
Misoprostol801.41.4
Prednisolone Acetate851.41.4
Thyroid, Porcine871.41.4
Adalimumab5,7001.41.4
Azacitidine For1481.41.4
Voriconazole2471.41.4
Venlafaxine Hydrochloride1,0721.41.4
Etonogestrel And Ethinyl Estradiol1801.41.4
Sitagliptin And Metformin Hydrochloride1751.41.4
Nintedanib2541.41.4
Oxybutynin2371.41.4
Modafinil2611.41.4
Vemurafenib971.41.4
Fentanyl7921.41.4
Naproxen Sodium Tablet4231.41.4
Valacyclovir3321.41.4
Azacitidine2361.41.4
Valganciclovir Hydrochloride Powder,971.41.4
Dasatinib2951.41.4
Anti-Thymocyte Globulin (Rabbit)641.41.4
Paclitaxel (Aibumin-Bound)6501.41.4
Estradiol6831.41.4
Icosapent Ethyl671.41.4
Haloperidol1901.31.4
Umeclidinium701.31.4
Lenvatinib2561.31.3
Melphalan1771.31.3
Eszopiclone1981.31.3
Rizatriptan Benzoate791.31.3
Lenalidomide3,2571.31.3
Anastrozole Tablets1661.31.3
Haloperidol Lactate1911.31.3
Eculizumab4171.31.3
Levocetirizine Dihydrochloride1841.31.3
Cyclosporine8411.31.3
Carfilzomib2141.31.3
Insulin Lispro1,0431.31.3
Carboplatin9591.31.3
Escitalopram Oxalate5501.31.3
Fluoxetine5011.31.3
Posaconazole1221.31.3
Tiotropium Bromide Inhalation Spray841.31.3
Bevacizumab9261.31.3
Topiramate6971.31.3
Mesna631.31.3
Escitslopram4341.31.3
Cefepime Hydrochloride1201.31.3
Oxycodone Hydrochloride1,6091.31.3
Bupropion3281.31.3
Ziprasidone Mesylate1051.31.3
Cefepime1041.31.3
Botulinum Toxin Type A891.21.2
Loratadine And Pseudoephedrine Sulfate571.21.2
Atezolizumab2781.21.2
Ziprasidone1261.21.2
Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride941.21.2
Hydroxyzine Hydrochloride Oral941.21.2
Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium671.21.2
Bosutinib641.21.2
Rotigotine1031.21.2
Paroxetine Hydrochloride Hemihydrate2371.21.2
Ado-Trastuzumab Emtansine601.21.2
Rucaparib621.21.2
Mesna Injection581.21.2
Paroxetine2381.21.2
Terbinafine Hydrochloride621.21.2
Empagliflozin4671.21.2
Posaconazole Delayed-Release761.21.2
Fluorouracil5321.21.2
Vedolizumab5921.21.2
Timolol831.21.2
Fluorouracil Cream, 0.5%5231.21.2
Methadone2931.21.2
Norepinephrine731.21.2
Alemtuzumab1321.21.2
Nicotine Polacrilex Mini1021.21.2
Nicotine Polarilex1021.21.2
Icodextrin, Sodium Chloride, Sodium Lactate, Calcium Chloride, Magnesium Chloride2111.21.2
Tizanidine1621.21.2
Voriconazole Injection1471.21.2
Progesterone1541.21.2
Pazopanib Hydrochloride1821.21.2
Oxaliplatin4981.21.2
Duloxetine4641.11.1
Sofosbuvir1301.11.1
Mycophenilic Acid1361.11.1
Brinzolamide571.11.1
Armodafinil1381.11.1
Bupivacaine611.11.1
Leuprolide Acetate5061.11.1
Doxorubicin Hydrochloride2121.11.1
Desvenlafaxine Succinate1741.11.1
Rifampin941.11.1
Ritonavir 100 Mg961.11.1
Sertraline7521.11.1
Daratumumab2551.11.1
Ritonavir1851.11.1
Pancrelipase2441.11.1
Temozolomide1331.11.1
Sumatriptan2391.11.1
Piperacillin And Tazobactam801.11.1
Adrenalinum2591.11.1
Selinexor541.11.1
Mometasone Furoate And Formoterol Fumarate Dihydrate971.11.1
Voclosporin541.11.1
Human Immunoglobulin G1281.11.1
Cabozantinib2981.11.1
Pomalidomide6331.11.1
Lamotrigine8111.11.1
Pembrolizumab6461.11.1
Aripiprazole7501.11.1
Apremilast8951.11.1
Cisplatin4771.11.1
Prasugrel Hydrochloride621.11.1
Nivolumab5891.11.1
Miconazole Nitrate531.01.0
Oseltamivir Phosphate1481.01.0
Epinephrine3961.01.0
Methadone Hydrochloride651.01.0
Pyrazinamide561.01.0
Piperacillin Sodium,Tazobactam Sodium1571.01.0
Entecavir691.01.0
Risperidone7851.01.0
Levodopa711.01.0
Brimonidine Tartrate1041.01.0
Venlafaxine4181.01.0
Linezolid1731.01.0
Tacrolimus9071.01.0
Orlistat1501.01.0
Atomoxetine Hydrochloride1371.01.0
Panitumumab901.01.0
Sevelamer Carbonate661.01.0
Cyclophosphamide Injection, Solution1,0141.01.0
Cyclophosphamide1,0141.01.0
Cyclophosphamide For Injection1,0141.01.0
Interferon Beta-1A1,1041.01.0
Fluticasone Propionate And Salmeterol2371.01.0
Ruxolitinib4041.01.0
Varenicline Tartrate4501.01.0
Midazolam Hydrochloride1501.01.0
Vibegron440.90.9
Ganciclovir Sodium580.90.9
Ledipasvir And Sofosbuvir1050.90.9
Irinotecan Hydrochloride700.90.9
Conjugated Estrogens And Medroxyprogesterone Acetate1280.90.9
Sumatriptan Succinate1370.90.9
Aripiprazole Oral2230.90.9
Aripiprazole Orally Disintegrating2230.90.9
Oxcarbazepine1750.90.9
Venetoclax3290.90.9
Daptomycin490.90.9
Ganciclovir540.90.9
Hydrocodone Bitartrate2290.90.9
Brentuximab Vedotin540.90.9
Tobramycin Sulfate650.90.9
Mercaptopurine910.90.9
Fluticasone Furoate, Umeclidinium Bromide And Vilanterol Trifenatate2160.90.9
Fludarabine Phosphate2050.90.9
Acalabrutinib630.90.9
Micafungin Sodium440.90.9
Meropenem1660.90.9
Bendamustine Hcl800.90.9
Bimatoprost1480.90.9
Trifluridine And Tipiracil550.90.9
Atazanavir730.90.9
Buprenorphine4690.90.9
Encorafenib500.90.9
Alpelisib440.90.9
Midazolam1270.90.9
Phenytoin1050.90.9
Ranitidine9990.90.9
Tobramycin Solution600.90.9
Dextrose Monohydrate, Sodium Chloride, Sodium Lactate, Calcium Chloride, Magnesium Chloride440.90.9
Ipilimumab2130.90.8
Tacrolimus Ointment 0.1%6110.80.8
Denosumab9940.80.8
Pegaspargase600.80.8
Tacrolimus Extended-Release Capsules6110.80.8
Paliperidone1140.80.8
Fam-Trastuzumab Deruxtecan-Nxki490.80.8
Minoxidil Foam 5% (Womens)1600.80.8
Bendamustine Hydrochloride580.80.8
Bleomycin Sulfate500.80.8
Abemaciclib960.80.8
Nicotine1940.80.8
Budesonide, Glycopyrrolate, And Formoterol Fumarate500.80.8
Fexofenadine Hydrochloride1030.80.8
Natalizumab8590.80.8
Acetaminophen, Aspirin (Nsaid) And Caffeine800.80.8
Doxorubicin4180.80.8
Fingolimod Hcl4040.80.8
Raltegravir770.80.8
Vilazodone Hydrochloride430.80.8
Nevirapine420.80.8
Anakinra770.80.8
Cytarabine2770.80.8
Velpatasvir And Sofosbuvir590.80.8
Zidovudine610.80.8
Eltrombopag Olamine1050.80.8
Levetiracetam6070.80.8
Ranolazine470.80.8
Obinutuzumab740.80.8
Lamotirigine3220.80.8
Lamotrigine Extended-Release3220.80.8
Lamotrigine Chewable Dispersible3220.80.8
Phenobarbital650.80.8
Cetuximab1390.80.8
Etoposide3200.70.7
Romosozumab-Aqqg590.70.7
Alteplase650.70.7
Linaclotide1150.70.7
Efavirenz480.70.7
Methylphenidate Hydrochloride2540.70.7
Palbociclib4090.70.7
Niraparib950.70.7
Iohexol350.70.7
Vincristine Sulfate1230.70.7
Propofol1510.70.7
Acetaminophen, Aspirin, And Caffeine870.70.7
Ozanimod Hydrochloride340.70.7
Valproic Acid1290.70.7
Cladribine390.70.7
Baricitinib390.70.7
Amikacin690.70.7
Darunavir610.70.7
Liraglutide1980.70.7
Cariprazine370.70.7
Minoxidil1750.70.7
Nicotine Polacrilex1490.70.7
Ticagrelor1240.70.7
Olaparib810.70.7
Osimertinib1240.70.7
Axitinib750.70.7
Travoprost330.70.7
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate1880.70.6
Busulfan590.60.6
Teriflunomide1690.60.6
Erenumab-Aooe2050.60.6
Polatuzumab Vedotin360.60.6
Hydrocodone Bitartrate And Acetaminophen2060.60.6
Zonisamide540.60.6
Belimumab1140.60.6
Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Tablets310.60.6
Brexpiprazole590.60.6
Glecaprevir And Pibrentasvir390.60.6
Ranitidine Hydrochloride1920.60.6
Elexacaftor, Tezacaftor, And Ivacaftor440.60.6
Droxidopa760.60.6
Pegfilgrastim3410.60.6
Dalfampridine2450.60.6
Dextroamphetamine Saccharate, Amphetamine Aspartate, Dextroamphetamine Sulfate, And Amphetamine Sulfate1200.60.6
Levetiracetam In Sodium Chloride2610.60.6
Levetiracetam Oral2610.60.6
Levetiracetam Injection2610.60.6
Testosterone Cypionate300.60.6
Ifosfamide720.60.6
Durvalumab680.60.6
Sodium Oxybate2180.60.6
Dextroamphetamine Sulfate, Dextroamphetamine Saccharate, Amphetamine Sulfate And Amphetamine Aspartate1310.50.5
Alirocumab790.50.5
Fentanyl Citrate560.50.5
Suvorexant400.50.5
Guanfacine240.50.5
Benralizumab610.50.5
Glatiramer Acetate1820.50.5
Axicabtagene Ciloleucel300.50.5
Tobramycin730.50.5
Lacosamide1120.50.5
Clobazam730.50.5
Ethyl Alcohol810.50.5
Cinacalcet Hydrochloride1380.50.5
Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate960.50.5
Dolutegravir Sodium250.50.5
Patiromer370.50.5
Relugolix630.50.5
Lurasidone Hydrochloride550.50.5
Methoxy Polyethylene Glycol-Epoetin Beta290.50.5
Canakinumab280.40.4
Salicylic Acid1360.40.4
Upadacitinib2060.40.4
Thiotepa230.40.4
Inclisiran190.40.4
Emtricitabine And Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate1070.40.4
Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate770.40.4
Nemolizumab-Ilto290.40.4
Somatropin1670.40.4
Pirfenidone920.40.4
Vortioxetine380.40.4
Ravulizumab300.40.4
Rocuronium Bromide260.40.4
Oral Semaglutide1620.40.4
Clozapine2760.40.4
Ivacaftor160.30.3
Canagliflozin600.30.3
Asfotase Alfa200.30.3
Ranibizumab520.30.3
Abaloparatide570.30.3
Amphetamine160.30.3
Blinatumomab200.30.3
Elvitegravir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, And Tenofovir Alafenamide190.30.3
Tapentadol Hydrochloride630.30.3
Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium, And Sodium Oxybates160.30.3
Ocrelizumab1120.30.3
Vigabatrin260.30.3
Risankizumab-Rzaa1410.30.3
Paliperidone Palmitate540.30.3
Methylphenidate480.30.3
Fremanezumab-Vfrm190.30.3
Naltrexone480.30.3
Aflibercept460.30.3
Dimethyl Fumarate1750.20.2
Naltrexone Hydrochloride And Bupropion Hydrochloride120.20.2
Onabotulinumtoxina1080.20.2
Dulaglutide1240.20.2
Isotretinoin690.20.2
Elvitegravir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, And Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate120.20.2
Levonorgestrel2690.20.2
Bictegravir Sodium, Emtricitabine, And Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate240.20.2
Sevoflurane110.20.2
Ofatumumab440.20.2
Galcanezumab-Gnlm370.20.2
Guselkumab410.20.2
Vismodegib100.20.2
Brivaracetam100.20.2
Rimegepant Sulfate140.20.2
Diroximel Fumarate130.20.2
Emtricitabine And Tenofovir Alafenamide120.20.2
Palivizumab160.20.2
Ixekizumab380.20.2
Emicizumab120.20.2
Cenobamate80.20.2
Evolocumab1510.20.2
Dornase Alfa180.20.2
Eptinezumab-Jjmr80.20.2
Dupilumab4240.10.1
Lutetium Lu 177 Vipivotide Tetraxetan110.10.1
Derma Foam Excel Hand Sanitizer60.10.1
Remdesivir100.10.1
Ethanol60.10.1
Cannabidiol170.10.1
Peginterferon Beta-1A90.10.1
Valbenazine170.10.1
Tirzepatide1070.10.1
Pegvaliase-Pqpz50.10.1
Voxelotor120.10.1
Nirmatrelvir And Ritonavir290.10.1
Copper230.10.1
Bimekizumab110.10.1
Oxymorphone Hydrochloride60.10.1
Etonogestrel240.10.1
Cenegermin-Bkbj60.10.1
Lifitegrast80.10.1
Cabotegravir30.10.1
Lumacaftor And Ivacaftor30.10.1
Docosanol50.10.1
Crisaborole30.10.1
Glycerin, Lidocaine40.00.0
Esketamine Hydrochloride30.00.0
Adapalene120.00.0

Related reactions

Data source: openFDA FAERS. See the OpenPV methodology and limitations.